{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:57:02Z","timestamp":1792083422105,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SLACK, Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Online cardiovascular health materials are easily accessible with an Internet connection, but the readability of its content may limit practical use by patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The goal of our study was to assess the readability of the most commonly searched Internet health education materials for cardiovascular diseases accessed via Google.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We selected 20 commonly searched cardiovascular disease terms: aneurysm, angina, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, heart attack, heart failure, high blood pressure, pericardial disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, stroke, sudden death, valvular heart disease, mini-stroke, lower extremity edema, pulmonary embolism, and exertional dyspnea. Terms were selected on Google and selected up to 10 results in order of presentation in the search results by reviewing a maximum of 15 pages of Google search results specifically providing education toward patients to yield 196 total patient education articles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              All readability measures assessing grade level measures found the 196 articles were written at a mean 10.9 (\n              <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n              = 1.8) grade reading level. Moreover, 99.5% of the articles were written beyond the 5th- to 6th-grade level recommended by the American Medical Association.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Given the prominent use of online patient education material, we consider readability as a quality metric that should be evaluated prior to online publication of any health education materials. Further study of how to improve the readability of online materials may enhance patient education, engagement, and health outcomes.\n              <jats:bold>\n                [\n                <jats:italic>HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice<\/jats:italic>\n                . 2019;3(2):e74\u2013e80.]\n              <\/jats:bold>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Plain Language Summary:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients often use Google as a tool for understanding their medical conditions. This study examined the readability of articles accessed via Google for commonly searched cardiovascular diseases and found all articles were written above reading grade levels appropriate for patients. We hope this study will promote the importance of ensuring that online patient education articles are written at appropriate reading levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3928\/24748307-20190306-03","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T17:37:31Z","timestamp":1554917851000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Readability Analysis of Online Cardiovascular Disease-Related Health Education Materials"],"prefix":"10.3928","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Varun","family":"Ayyaswami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manthan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpan Vaikunth","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Hansberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared W.","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2308","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","volume-title":"The evolution of health literacy: Empowering patients through improved education","author":"Agarwal N.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000546481.02560.4e"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","unstructured":"Caylor J. 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