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Here, we provided a framework for capturing population heterogeneity whose consideration may be crucial when developing a mitigation strategy based on non-pharmaceutical interventions. Precisely, we used age-stratified data to segment our population into groups with unique interactions that policy can affect such as school children or the oldest of the population, and formulated a corresponding optimal control problem considering the economic cost of lockdowns and deaths. We applied our model and numerical methods to census data for the state of New Jersey and determined the most important factors contributing to the cost and the optimal strategies to contained the pandemic impact.<\/p><\/abstract><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/nhm.2024022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1715687025000},"page":"500-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimal control of pandemics via a sociodemographic model of non-pharmaceutical interventions"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Weightman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Temitope","family":"Akinode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetto","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/nhm.2024022-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K Aabed, M M.A. Lashin, An analytical study of the factors that influence Covid-19 spread, Saudi J Biol Sci<\/i>, 28<\/b> (2021), 1177\u20131195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.067"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/nhm.2024022-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J A E Andersson, J Gillis, G Horn, J B Rawlings, M Diehl, Casadi\u2013A software framework for nonlinear optimization and optimal control, Math Program Comput<\/i>, 11<\/b> (2019), 1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12532-018-0139-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12532-018-0139-4"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/nhm.2024022-3","unstructured":"C Baunez, M Degoulet, S Luchini, P A Pintus, M Teschl, An early assessment of curfew and second Covid-19 lock-down on virus propagation in france<\/i>, medRxiv [Preprint], (2020), [cited 2024 May 14]. 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