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First, to ensure that the model had a particular significance, we proved the dynamic properties of the model, such as nonnegative, boundedness, and stability of the equilibrium point. Second, according to the existence mode and genetic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria of leptospirosis, and from the perspective of score optimal control, we put forward measures such as wearing protective clothing, hospitalization, and cleaning the environment to prevent and control the spread of the disease. According to the proposed control measures, a control model of leptospirosis was established, and a forward-backward scanning algorithm (FB algorithm) was introduced to optimize the control function. Three different disease control strategies were proposed. Finally, the numerical simulation of different fractional orders used the fde12 (based on Adams\u2013Bashforth\u2013Moulton scheme) solver. The three optimized strategies, A, B, and C, were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the optimized control strategy could shorten the transmission time of the disease by about 80 days. Therefore, the above methods contributed to the study of leptospirosis and the World Health Organization.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/nhm.2024054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T10:20:03Z","timestamp":1731320403000},"page":"1262-1285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic analysis and optimal control of leptospirosis based on Caputo fractional derivative"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/nhm.2024054-1","unstructured":"Report of the second meeting of the leptospirosis burden epidemiology reference group, World Health Organization, 2011."},{"key":"key-10.3934\/nhm.2024054-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. 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