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Under the framework of U-Net, a newly cross-layer connection is introduced to capture richer multi-scale features and contextual information. At the same time, full-scale skip structure can reasonably utilize the above information obtained by different layers. In addition, an improved inception-dense block is designed to replace the classical convolution layer, which can enlarge the effectiveness of the receiving field and increase the depth of our network. Finally, a novel loss function based on binary cross-entropy and Jaccard losses is utilized to eliminate the problem of small samples and unbalanced data. The sample data were collected from 30 patients in Quzhou People's Hospital, with a total of 500 lesion images. Experimental results show that although the amount of patient sample is small, the proposed method has better performance in pituitary adenoma image compared with existing algorithms, and its Dice, Intersection over Union (IoU), Matthews correlation coefficient (Mcc) and precision reach 88.87, 80.67, 88.91 and 97.63%, respectively.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t&lt;\/abstract&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2023003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T10:54:00Z","timestamp":1664448840000},"page":"34-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improved U-Net based on cross-layer connection for pituitary adenoma MRI image segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qile","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Education, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/mbe.2023003-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. 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