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We analyzed incidence and hospitalization data from Munich hospitals and used a two-step approach to fit the model parameters: first, we modeled incidence without hospitalization, and then we extended the model to include hospitalization compartments using the previous estimates as a starting point. For the first two waves, changes in key parameters, such as contact reduction and increasing vaccinations, were enough to represent the data. For wave three, the introduction of vaccination compartments was essential. In wave four, reducing contacts and increasing vaccinations were critical parameters for controlling infections. The importance of hospitalization data was highlighted, as it should have been included as a crucial parameter from the outset, along with incidence, to avoid miscommunication with the public. The emergence of milder variants like Omicron and a significant proportion of vaccinated people has made this fact even more evident.<\/p><\/abstract><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2023452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T10:13:03Z","timestamp":1680343983000},"page":"10304-10338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Data suggested hospitalization as critical indicator of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, even at its early stages"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Fuderer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kuttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hoelscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludwig Christian","family":"Hinske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Castelletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/mbe.2023452-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. 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