{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:05:54Z","timestamp":1771661154795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIMSMICRO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<abstract><sec>\n<title>Background<\/title>\n<p>Many infectious and noninfectious triggers lead to inflammation of the vagina.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Aim<\/title>\n<p>We investigated the prevalence of causative vaginitis microorganisms in 516 pregnant and nonpregnant female volunteers. Vaginal samples were examined microscopically, cultured and tested for different pathogens.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Results<\/title>\n<p>Of the participants, 310 (60.1%) were pregnant, whereas 206 (39.9%) were nonpregnant. Using Amsel's criteria and Nugent's scores, bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed in 59.1%, and the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was 50.2% in the population. <italic>Candida<\/italic> infections were significantly higher in nonpregnant females (p value \u2264 0.01), and 24% of females had mixed infections. The most common mixed infection was BV and <italic>Candida<\/italic> spp., detected in 21% of the cases.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Conclusions<\/title>\n<p>Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis. We observed that 24% of females experienced mixed infections, and <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic> was the most common fungal species causing VVC. <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> prevalence was underestimated using wet mounts.<\/p>\n<\/sec><\/abstract><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2022014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T02:44:02Z","timestamp":1651805042000},"page":"167-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A study on vaginitis among pregnant and non-pregnant females in Alexandria, Egypt: An unexpected high rate of mixed vaginal infection"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sherine Mohamed","family":"Shawaky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam Majed Ali","family":"Al Shammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal Shafik","family":"Sewelliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer Abd El Rahim","family":"Ghazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Noby","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-1"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-2"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-3"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-4"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-5"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-6"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-7"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-8"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-9"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-10"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-11"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-12"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-13"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-14"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-15"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-16"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-17"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-18"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-19"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-20"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-21"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-22"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-23"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-24"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-25"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-26"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-27"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-28"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-29"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-30"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-31"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-32"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-33"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-34"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-35"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-36"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-37"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-38"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-39"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-40"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-41"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-42"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-43"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-44"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-45"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-46"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-47"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022014-48"}],"container-title":["AIMS Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimspress.com\/article\/doi\/10.3934\/microbiol.2022014?viewType=html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T02:55:56Z","timestamp":1651805756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimspress.com\/article\/doi\/10.3934\/microbiol.2022014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/microbiol.2022014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-1888"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-1888","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}