{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:05:36Z","timestamp":1777399536788,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIMSMICRO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<abstract><sec>\n<title>Introduction<\/title>\n<p>The development of novel strategies for cancer therapy is crucial to improve standard treatment protocols.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Aim<\/title>\n<p>This study aimed to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of heat-killed preparations of <italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/italic> and <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/italic> in a breast cancer mouse model.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Methods<\/title>\n<p>Forty-two female BALB\/c mice (7\u20138 weeks old) were divided into six groups (seven mice per group). Four groups were injected with 10<sup>7<\/sup> Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously into the left side of the mammary fat pad. Tumor growth was monitored weekly until all animals developed a palpable tumor. The tumor-bearing mice in the experimental groups received heat-killed <italic>L. casei<\/italic> or <italic>S. cerevisiae<\/italic> three times per week for 35 days. The mice in the control group received PBS. The remaining two groups received heated <italic>L. casei<\/italic> or <italic>S. cerevisiae<\/italic> and then were injected with EAT cells. After 35 days, all mice were sacrificed to determine the immune response.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Results<\/title>\n<p>Animals that received heated <italic>S. cerevisiae<\/italic> exhibited the lowest rate of tumor growth compared with the other groups. TGF-\u03b2 and IL-4 secretion was increased in all mice, whereas the secretion of INF-\u03b3 and IL-10 was decreased in breast tissues. Moreover, at the histopathological level, the volume of viable tumor in the control group was higher than in the treated groups.<\/p>\n<\/sec><sec>\n<title>Conclusion<\/title>\n<p>Supplementary treatment with <italic>S. cerevisiae<\/italic> resulted in the best outcome in the breast cancer model compared with other treated and vaccinated groups.<\/p>\n<\/sec><\/abstract><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2022016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T02:33:17Z","timestamp":1652841197000},"page":"193-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of <i>Lactobacillus casei<\/i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i> in a breast cancer mouse model"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kholoud","family":"Baraka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Abozahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maged Wasfy","family":"Helmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada Salah El Dine","family":"El Meniawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-1"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-2"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-3"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-4"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-5"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-6"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-7"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-8"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-9"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-10"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-11"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-12"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-13"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-14"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-15"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-16"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-17"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-18"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-19"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-20"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-21"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-22"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-23"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-24"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-25"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-26"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-27"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-28"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-29"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-30"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-31"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-32"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-33"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-34"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/microbiol.2022016-35"}],"container-title":["AIMS Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimspress.com\/article\/doi\/10.3934\/microbiol.2022016?viewType=html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T02:33:18Z","timestamp":1652841198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aimspress.com\/article\/doi\/10.3934\/microbiol.2022016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/microbiol.2022016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-1888"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-1888","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}