{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:35:46Z","timestamp":1777988146905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIMSMICRO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"fr\">&lt;p&gt;The present study evaluated varying inclusion levels (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from &lt;italic&gt;Pleurotus ostreatus&lt;\/italic&gt;, ensiled for 0, 21, 42, and 64 d, using an &lt;italic&gt;in vitro&lt;\/italic&gt; batch culture technique. The study employed a 6 \u00d7 4 factorial design with six inclusion levels and four ensiling durations. The batch culture was conducted over 24 h across two runs. Gas production (GP), greenhouse gases (GHG) production, nutrient degradability, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. Significant interactions (P &amp;lt; 0.01) between ensiling duration and diet were observed for the concentrations of different nutrients and GHG production. SMS levels in diets increased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) dry matter (DM), neutral (NDF), and acid (ADF) detergent fiber concentrations but decreased crude protein (CP) and cellulose levels. Ensiling period decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) DM, NDF, acid-detergent lignin (ADL), and hemicellulose concentrations but increased non-structural carbohydrates (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Diets with higher SMS levels had lower (P &amp;lt; 0.001) GP, methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;), and carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;) production, together with increased degradability of DM, NDF, ADF, and ADL. Conversely, extending ensiling increased CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; production, degradability of DM, and proportions of acetate and propionate but decreased NDF and ADF degradability. Total VFA and butyrate were highest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the diet with 50% SMS inclusion. In conclusion, SMS can replace up to 50% of corn silage in the diets of beef and non-lactating dairy cows; however, extending the ensiling duration is not recommended.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2025001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T01:35:31Z","timestamp":1734399331000},"page":"1-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ensiled &lt;i&gt;Pleurotus ostreatus&lt;\/i&gt; based spent mushroom substrate from corn: &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;\/i&gt; gas production, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient degradation, and ruminal fermentation characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chika C.","family":"Anotaenwere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omoanghe S.","family":"Isikhuemhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Dele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pasture and Range Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wuaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel O.","family":"Alabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oludotun O.","family":"Adelusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah O.","family":"Okedoyin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelechi A.","family":"Ike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DeAndrea","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical 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