{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:18:13Z","timestamp":1771633093852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIMSN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<sec><title>Background<\/title><p>Schizophrenia is characterized by significant cognitive impairments and affects up to 98% of patients. Neurofeedback (NF) offers a means to modulate neural network function through cognitive processes such as learning and memorization, with documented structural changes in the brain, most notably an increase in grey matter volume in targeted regions.<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Methods<\/title><p>The present 2-week, open-label, preliminary study aims to evaluate the efficacy on cognition of an adjunctive short and intensive (8 daily sessions lasting 30 minutes) alpha\/theta NF training in a sample of subjects affected by schizophrenia on stabilized treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs. The efficacy was measured at baseline and at the end of the study by the Brief Neuropsychological Examination 2 (ENB 2), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Stroop color-word interference test; the clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Results<\/title><p>A final sample of nine patients completed the study. Regarding the cognitive performance, at the final assessment (week 2), the NF treatment significantly improved the performance in the \u201cStory Recall Immediate\u201d (p = 0.024), \u201cStory Recall Delayed\u201d (p = 0.007), \u201cInterference Memory 30 s\u201d (p = 0.024), \u201cClock Test\u201d (p = 0.014) sub-tests, and the ENB2 Total Score (p = 0.007). Concerning the clinical symptoms, no significant changes were observed in the PANSS subscales and the PANSS Total score.<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Conclusions<\/title><p>NF could represent an adjunctive treatment strategy in the therapeutic toolbox for schizophrenia cognitive symptoms.<\/p><\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3934\/neuroscience.2024021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1725931678000},"page":"341-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognitive effects of brief and intensive neurofeedback treatment in schizophrenia: a single center pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3934","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Turiaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Iannuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Genovese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department \u201cScienze della Salute\u201d, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Catena","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Celebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria Anna","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2321","reference":[{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-1"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-2"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-3"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-4"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-5"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-6"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-7"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-8"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-9"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-10"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-11"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-12"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-13"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-14"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-15"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-16"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-17"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-18"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-19"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-20"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-21"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-22"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-23"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-24"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-25"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-26"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-27"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-28"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-29"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-30"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-31"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-32"},{"key":"key-10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024021-33"}],"container-title":["AIMS 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