{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:14:09Z","timestamp":1763464449730,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"AVES YAYINCILIK A.\u015e.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AOTT"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract\n\n \n\nObjective: Articular penetration of K-wires is a possible complication of the modified tension band wiring technique. However, there is no clear information or evidence regarding the entry point or introduction angle for K-wires to avoid this complication. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of varying K-wire insertion points and angles on the risk for articular penetration during modified tension band wiring for olecranon fractures.\n\n \n\nMethods: All anatomical measurements were made on 50 cadaveric ulnas, and all other measurements were performed on exact foam replications of the 50 cadaveric ulnas. Morphometric measurements, including olecranon height and heights of the central, radial and ulnar facets of the semilunar notch, were taken. In the sagittal plane, articular angle and tubercle angle were measured. Two 1.6-mm parallel K-wires were inserted from 0, 5 and 8 mm anterior to the dorsal cortex of the olecranon process at angles of 20\u00c5\u00e3 and 30\u00c5\u00e3. K-wire articular penetration was evaluated both visually and radiographically.\n\n \n\nResults: The mean central, radial and ulnar heights of the semilunar notch were 17.3 mm (14.7\u201320.0),16.2 mm (12.0\u201321.0) and 15.8 mm (13.30\u201320.5), respectively. We observed no articular penetration at the 0-mm level at 20\u00c5\u00e3 and 30\u00c5\u00e3 (0 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3 and 0 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3, respectively) or at 5 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3. At 8 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3 wire introduction, more than 64% articular penetration was observed on either facet. The sequence from least to most likely to cause articular penetration was: 0 mm = 5 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3 &gt; 5 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3 = 8 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3 &gt; 8 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3.\n\n \n\nThe radial height of the semilunar notch was negatively correlated to the risk of articular penetration, when the wire was introduced at 8 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3, 8 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3 and 5 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3 (all p&lt;0.047). There were poor correlations between radiological and direct observational assessments, particularly for 8 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3and 5 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3. The frequency of intra-articular positioning for those observed to be radiologically extra-articular was 4\/28 (14.3%) for 8 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3, 4\/7 (57.1%) for 8 mm 20\u00c5\u00e3 and 5\/6 (83.3%) for 5 mm 30\u00c5\u00e3.\n\n \n\nConclusion: When applying the modified tension band wiring technique to prevent articular penetration, K-wires should be inserted in the first 5 mm from dorsal cortex of the olecranon process at a maximum angle of 20\u00c5\u00e3. Moreover, if the wires are required to be inserted more anteriorly because of the anatomical configuration of the fracture, they should be inserted at a shallow angle in the sagittal plane in relation to the proximal cortex of the ulna.\n\n \n\n \n\n\u00d6zet\n\n \n\nAma\u00e7: K-tellerinin eklemin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7mesi modifiye gergi band\u0131 y\u00f6nteminin komplikasyonlar\u0131nda biridir. Bununla birlikte bu komplikasyondan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in tellerin giri\u015f noktas\u0131 ve g\u00f6nderilme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili bilgi ve yeterli kan\u0131t bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 olekranonun de\u011fi\u015fik noktalar\u0131ndan ve de\u011fi\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131larla g\u00f6nderilen K-tellerinin eklemi delme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesidir.\n\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma plan\u0131: T\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler 50 farkl\u0131 kadavra ulnas\u0131nda, uygulamalar ise bu ulnalar\u0131n birebir k\u00f6p\u00fck kopyalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Olekranon y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, semilunar \u00e7enti\u011fin santral, ulnar ve radial y\u00fcksekli\u011fi gibi morfometrik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sagittal planda eklem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve \u201ct\u00fcberk\u00fcl\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc. 1.6 mm \u00e7ap\u0131nda iki adet K-teli olekranon dorsal korteksinin 0 mm, 5 mm ve 8 mm anteriorundan 20\u00b0 ve 30\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131lar ile g\u00f6nderildi. Tellerin eklemin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7medi\u011fi g\u00f6rsel ve radyolojik olarak incelendi.\n\nBulgular: Semilunar \u00e7enti\u011fin santral, radial ve ulnar y\u00fckseklikleri s\u0131ras\u0131 ile ortalama 17.3 mm (14.7-20.0), 16.2 mm (12.0-21.0) ve 15.8 mm (13.30-20.5) olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc. 0mm seviyesinde 20\u00b0 ve 30\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131larla (0 mm 20\u00b0 30\u00b0) ve 5 mm seviyesinde 20\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 ile (5 mm 20\u00b0) eklem i\u00e7i tel ge\u00e7i\u015fi izlenmedi. 8 mm 30\u00b0 tel g\u00f6nderilirken her iki fasette %64\u2019den daha fazla oranda eklem i\u00e7i tel ge\u00e7i\u015fi izlendi. Eklem i\u00e7i tel ge\u00e7i\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda ba\u015far\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131 0 mm = 5 mm 20\u00b0 &gt; 5 mm 30\u00b0 = 8 mm 20\u00b0 &gt; 8 mm 30\u00b0 \u015feklinde idi. Teller 8 mm 30\u00b0, 8 mm 20\u00b0 ve 5 mm 30\u00b0 \u015feklinde g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde semilunar \u00e7enti\u011fin radial y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ve eklem i\u00e7i tel ge\u00e7i\u015fi aras\u0131nda negatif korrelasyon izlendi (t\u00fcm p&lt;0.047). \u00d6zellikle 8 mm 20\u00b0 ve 5 mm 30\u00b0 uygulamalarda olmak \u00fczere radyolojik ve g\u00f6zlemsel incelemeler aras\u0131nda uyumsuzluk mevcuttu. Radyolojik olarak eklem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilen ve asl\u0131nda eklem i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en tellerin s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 8 mm 30\u00b0 uygulama i\u00e7in 4\/28 (%14.3), 8 mm 20\u00b0 uygulama i\u00e7in 4\/7 (%57.1) ve 5 mm 30\u00b0 uygulama i\u00e7in 5\/6 (%83.3) idi.\n\n\u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar: Modifiye gergi band\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi uygulan\u0131rken eklem i\u00e7i ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in K-telleri olekranon dorsal korteksinin ilk 5 mm\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131ndan en fazla 20\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 ile g\u00f6nderilmelidir. Buna ek olarak k\u0131r\u0131k konfig\u00fcrasyonu nedeni ile tellerin daha anteriordan g\u00f6nderilmesi gerekirse teller proksimal ulna korteksine g\u00f6re daha dar bir a\u00e7\u0131 ile g\u00f6nderilmelidir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3944\/aott.2015.14.0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T11:56:01Z","timestamp":1426679761000},"page":"190-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modified tension band wiring technique for olecranon fractures: where and how should the Kwires be inserted to avoid articular penetration"],"prefix":"10.5152","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Hakan Ozsoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Kizilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Gunenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Ozsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Demiryurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutlu","family":"Hayran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burcu","family":"Ercakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdurrahman","family":"Sakaogullari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3111","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"container-title":["Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aott.org.tr\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/2963\/2916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:09:47Z","timestamp":1763464187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aott.org.tr\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/2963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3944\/aott.2015.14.0155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-1294","1017-995X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2589-1294"},{"type":"print","value":"1017-995X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]}}}