{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:05:33Z","timestamp":1791198333501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4101,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T12:32:59Z","timestamp":1321533179000},"page":"1716S-1720S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Severe malnutrition and metabolic complications of HIV-infected children in the antiretroviral era: clinical care and management in resource-limited settings"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Philippa M","family":"Musoke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Fergusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO. 2010 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Available from: www.unaids.org\/globalreport\/global_report.htm (cited 23 March 2011)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000129692.42964.30","article-title":"Predictors of early mortality in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected African children","volume":"23","author":"Obimbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7422.1019","article-title":"Decline in mortality, AIDS, and hospital admissions in perinatally HIV-1 infected children in the United Kingdom and Ireland","volume":"327","author":"Gibb","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1039","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1062","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy outcomes in resource-limited settings for HIV-infected children <5 years of age","volume":"125","author":"Sauvageot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.1.37","article-title":"Metabolic complications of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children","volume":"4","author":"Eley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.10.029","article-title":"HIV prevalence and mortality among children undergoing treatment for severe acute malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Fergusson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69443-9","article-title":"Management of severe acute malnutrition in children","volume":"368","author":"Collins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000302262.51286.a5","article-title":"Markers for predicting mortality in untreated HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000226334.34717.dc","article-title":"Determinants of survival without antiretroviral therapy after infancy in HIV-1-infected Zambian children in the CHAP Trial","volume":"42","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1086\/367561","article-title":"Weight loss and wasting in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"36","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib11","unstructured":"WHO. Management of severe malnutrition: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1999."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v21i3.45645","article-title":"Features associated with underlying HIV infection in severe acute childhood malnutrition: a cross sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Bunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib13","first-page":"454","article-title":"The role of nutrition and micronutrients in paediatric HIV infection","volume":"57","author":"Buys","year":"2002","journal-title":"SADJ"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib14","first-page":"CD003650","article-title":"Micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection","volume":"12","author":"Irlam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.302","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of a solid ready-to-use food and a liquid, milk-based diet for the rehabilitation of severely malnourished children: a randomized trial","volume":"78","author":"Diop el","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-6-7","article-title":"Risk factors in hospital deaths in severely malnourished children in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Bachou","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-5-27","article-title":"Severe malnutrition with and without HIV-1 infection in hospitalised children in Kampala, Uganda: differences in clinical features, haematological findings and CD4+ cell counts","volume":"5","author":"Bachou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1316","article-title":"CD4 counts decline despite nutritional recovery in HIV-infected Zambian children with severe malnutrition","volume":"123","author":"Hughes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-6-50","article-title":"Pathophysiological changes that affect drug disposition in protein-energy malnourished children","volume":"6","author":"Oshikoya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70180-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"8","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.e25","article-title":"Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children is associated with a sustained effect on growth","volume":"109","author":"Verweel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-56","article-title":"Growth, immune and viral responses in HIV infected African children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Musoke","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818cdef5","article-title":"Differences in factors associated with initial growth, CD4, and viral load responses to ART in HIV-infected children in Kampala, Uganda, and the United Kingdom\/Ireland","volume":"49","author":"Kekitiinwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e423","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2701","article-title":"Post-HAART outcomes in pediatric populations: comparison of resource-limited and developed countries","volume":"127","author":"Peacock-Villada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328345e56b","article-title":"Hospitalization for severe malnutrition among HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy","volume":"25","author":"Prendergast","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2165\/11532520-000000000-00000","article-title":"Impact of antiretroviral therapy on growth, body composition and metabolism in pediatric HIV patients","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000162013.66614.16","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated metabolic syndrome: pathogenesis and cardiovascular risk","volume":"13","author":"Barbaro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.e235","article-title":"Natural history of lipid abnormalities and fat redistribution among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving long-term, protease inhibitor-containing, highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens","volume":"114","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832b7e69","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in regional fat content in HIV-infected children and adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Arpadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.3.3.199","article-title":"Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy: focus on bone density","volume":"3","author":"Vigan\u00f2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v10i4.264","article-title":"Lipodystrophy syndrome in Hiv-infected children on HAART","volume":"10","author":"Innes","year":"2009","journal-title":"South Afr J HIV Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200811","article-title":"Lipodystrophy and metabolic changes in HIV-infected children on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy","volume":"12","author":"Aurpibul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0216-9","article-title":"Lipodystrophy and metabolic complications of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"76","author":"Parakh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00906.x","article-title":"Growth hormone axis treatments for HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000215003.32256.aa","article-title":"Detection of lipoatrophy in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"25","author":"Hartman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400206","article-title":"Utility of dried blood spots for measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a surveillance study","volume":"4","author":"Lakshmy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000174468.75219.30","article-title":"Predictors of bone mineral density in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected children","volume":"41","author":"Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00011","article-title":"Bone mineral loss through increased bone turnover in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Mora","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.02.029","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy and bone mineral measurements in HIV-infected youths","volume":"46","author":"Zuccotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523025248?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523025248?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/94\/6\/1716S\/23873799\/1716s.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1685161797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523025248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523025248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Severe malnutrition and metabolic complications of HIV-infected children in the antiretroviral era: clinical care and management in resource-limited settings","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.018374","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}