{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:57:29Z","timestamp":1792825049917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3275,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T20:52:55Z","timestamp":1396385575000},"page":"535-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":372,"title":["Synbiotic supplementation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Tannaz","family":"Eslamparast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sharafkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azita","family":"Hekmatdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.09.012","article-title":"The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies","volume":"42","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23276","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Promrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040319","article-title":"Bacterial infections, sepsis, and multiorganfailure in cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Tandon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00138","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in liver fibrosis: cellular crosstalkand mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i4.403","article-title":"Probiotics and gut health: a special focus on liver diseases","volume":"16","author":"Gratz","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"346","author":"Angulo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.02.007","article-title":"Gut\u2013liver axis: the impact of gut microbiota on non alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Compare","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70506-8","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity","volume":"116","author":"Matteoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22848","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Miele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.030","article-title":"Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?","volume":"44","author":"Larter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20973","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Farrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib12","first-page":"934","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: cytokine-adipokine interplay and regulation of insulin resistance","volume":"131","author":"Tilg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"09","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451100287X","article-title":"Health benefits and health claims of probiotics: bridging science and marketing","volume":"106","author":"Rijkers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22711","article-title":"VSL#3 probiotic treatment attenuates fibrosis without changes in steatohepatitis in a diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model in mice","volume":"49","author":"Velayudham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G669","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00188.2010","article-title":"Protective effects of Lactobacillus paracasei F19 in a rat model of oxidative and metabolic hepatic injury","volume":"299","author":"Nardone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50048","article-title":"Probiotics and antibodies to TNF inhibit inflammatory activity and improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.05.025","article-title":"Probiotics improve high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by increasing hepatic NKT cells","volume":"49","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000165671.25272.0f","article-title":"Beneficial effects of a probiotic VSL#3 on parameters of liver dysfunction in chronic liver diseases","volume":"39","author":"Loguercio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharides in patients with non alcoholic steatohepatitis","author":"Malaguarnera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Digestive diseases and sciences"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib20","series-title":"The Practical Guide: identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults.","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib21","series-title":"STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS).","author":"Organization","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib23","series-title":"The manual for household measures, cooking yields factors and edible portion of foods.","author":"Ghaffarpour","year":"1999"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities","volume":"32","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.10.002","article-title":"Probiotics as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD: focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Iacono","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.004","article-title":"NF-\u03baB Activation, Rather Than TNF, Mediates Hepatic Inflammation in a Murine Dietary Model of Steatohepatitis","volume":"129","author":"dela Pe\u00f1a","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.09.002","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in high fructose fed rats","volume":"23","author":"Yadav","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E740","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00302.2006","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"292","author":"Creely","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-8-20","article-title":"Changes in endotoxin levels in T2DM subjects on anti-diabetic therapies","volume":"8","author":"Al-Attas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib30","first-page":"157","article-title":"Fibroscan for assessing liver fibrosis: an acceptable alternative for liver biopsy: Fibroscan: an acceptable alternative for liver biopsy","volume":"11","author":"Malekzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31021-X","article-title":"Transient elastography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523049833?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523049833?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/99\/3\/535\/23831317\/535.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:49:06Z","timestamp":1733964546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523049833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523049833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synbiotic supplementation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}