{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:47:25Z","timestamp":1791308845287,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3091,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T04:55:51Z","timestamp":1405572951000},"page":"756-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Serum magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are associated with risk of incident heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study , ,"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Pamela L","family":"Lutsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin D","family":"Michos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura R","family":"Loehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad C","family":"Astor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Coresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron R","family":"Folsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000039105.49749.6F","article-title":"Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure","volume":"106","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib2","first-page":"e6","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142013 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"127","author":"Go","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib3","series-title":"Encyclopedia of dietary supplements.","first-page":"527","article-title":"Magnesium","author":"Rude","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020141","article-title":"Serum phosphorus levels associate with coronary atherosclerosis in young adults","volume":"20","author":"Foley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00864.x","article-title":"Hyperphosphatemia aggravates cardiac fibrosis and microvascular disease in experimental uremia","volume":"63","author":"Amann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000203348","article-title":"Serum phosphate and left ventricular hypertrophy in young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","volume":"32","author":"Foley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1599-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of calcium supplementation","volume":"22","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-301904","article-title":"Calcium supplements: bad for the heart?","volume":"98","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02964-3","article-title":"The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Jee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.588327","article-title":"Magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome among young adults","volume":"113","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01852.x","article-title":"Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.004","article-title":"Phosphorus levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population","volume":"199","author":"Onufrak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq106","article-title":"Relations of serum phosphorus levels to echocardiographic left ventricular mass and incidence of heart failure in the community","volume":"12","author":"Dhingra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp071","article-title":"Serum and dietary magnesium and risk of ischemic stroke","volume":"169","author":"Ohira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70224-8","article-title":"Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"136","author":"Liao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.012","article-title":"Serum magnesium and risk of sudden cardiac death in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"160","author":"Peacock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019998702946","article-title":"Protective role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases: a review","volume":"238","author":"Chakraborti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90633-7","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency and sudden death","volume":"124","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0886","article-title":"Serum and dietary magnesium and incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and in African Americans; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"77","author":"Misialek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.9.879","article-title":"Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community","volume":"167","author":"Dhingra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.05.016","article-title":"Calcium-phosphate levels and cardiovascular disease in community-dwelling adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"156","author":"Foley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00104-2","article-title":"Serum calcium: a new, independent, prospective risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men followed for 18 years","volume":"50","author":"Lind","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.3.484","article-title":"Serum calcium and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases: the Troms\u00f8 Study","volume":"34","author":"Jorde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553198","article-title":"Relation between serum phosphate level and cardiovascular event rate in people with coronary disease","volume":"112","author":"Tonelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115184","article-title":"The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives","volume":"129","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib26","series-title":"ARIC: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study: operations manual 10. Clinical chemistry determinations.","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062365","article-title":"Cardiac and pulmonary causes of dyspnoea\u2014validation of a scoring test for clinical-epidemiological use: the Study of Men Born in 1913","volume":"8","author":"Eriksson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.11.061","article-title":"Heart failure incidence and survival (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study)","volume":"101","author":"Loehr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963199","article-title":"Classification of heart failure in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: a comparison of diagnostic criteria","volume":"5","author":"Rosamond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.041","article-title":"Community prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health, by the American Heart Association definition, and relationship with cardiovascular disease incidence","volume":"57","author":"Folsom","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2289","article-title":"Coronary artery disease as the cause of incident heart failure in the population","volume":"22","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.07.002","article-title":"Prevalence of hypomagnesemia (HM) in a geriatric long-term care (LTC) setting","volume":"51","author":"Arinzon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.05.006","article-title":"Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study","volume":"136","author":"Adamopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi442","article-title":"The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"26","author":"Witte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2008.12.002","article-title":"Magnesium administration may improve heart rate variability in patients with heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Almoznino-Sarafian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.033811","article-title":"Effects of magnesium on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2009.00117.x","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery: time to consider a multimodality pharmacological approach","volume":"28","author":"Ho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.045","article-title":"Relation of serum phosphorus levels to the incidence of atrial fibrillation (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] Study)","volume":"111","author":"Lopez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.082511","article-title":"Low serum magnesium and the development of atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"127","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072767.89944.6E","article-title":"Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.962688","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and mortality in heart failure: a community study","volume":"4","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.308","article-title":"Serum levels of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and calcium and risks of death and cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic kidney disease","volume":"305","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46122","article-title":"FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"121","author":"Faul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.03.040","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and death, heart failure, and cardiovascular events in community-living individuals: CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study)","volume":"60","author":"Ix","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00004","article-title":"The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul Study","volume":"152","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00010","article-title":"Systematic review: vitamin D and calcium supplementation in prevention of cardiovascular events","volume":"152","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d2040","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2040","article-title":"Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis","volume":"342","author":"Bolland","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c3691","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3691","article-title":"Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis","volume":"341","author":"Bolland","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167_bib50","series-title":"Wardlaw\u2019s perspectives in nutrition.","author":"Byrd-Bredbenner","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523047408?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523047408?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/100\/3\/756\/23835154\/756.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T11:50:24Z","timestamp":1685188224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523047408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523047408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are associated with risk of incident heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study,,","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.085167","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}