{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:10:43Z","timestamp":1772971843145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2543,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000182","name":"US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T04:03:51Z","timestamp":1454558631000},"page":"724-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Noninvasive assessment of extracellular and intracellular dehydration in healthy humans using the resistance-reactance\u2013score graph method"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Kristen R","family":"Heavens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Charkoudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert W","family":"Kenefick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel N","family":"Cheuvront","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13779-8","article-title":"Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?","volume":"361","author":"Black","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.8.1265","article-title":"The burden and outcomes associated with dehydration among US elderly, 1991","volume":"84","author":"Warren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130017","article-title":"Dehydration: physiology, assessment, and performance effects","volume":"4","author":"Cheuvront","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29490","article-title":"Biological variation and diagnostic accuracy of dehydration assessment markers","volume":"92","author":"Cheuvront","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.09.012","article-title":"Is this elderly patient dehydrated? Diagnostic accuracy of hydration assessment using physical signs, urine, and saliva markers","volume":"16","author":"Fortes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1022","article-title":"The rational clinical examination: is this patient hypovolemic?","volume":"281","author":"McGee","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00020","article-title":"Language guiding therapy: the case of dehydration versus volume depletion","volume":"127","author":"Mange","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000085478","article-title":"Whole body\u2013single frequency bioimpedance","volume":"149","author":"Piccoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426504019005433","article-title":"The validity of bioelectrical impedance models in clinical populations","volume":"19","author":"Buchholz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33145","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status","volume":"23","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.305","article-title":"A new method for monitoring body fluid variation by bioimpedance analysis: the RXc graph","volume":"46","author":"Piccoli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib12","series-title":"Handbook of anthropometry: physical measures of human form in health and disease.","first-page":"287","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis for assessment of hydration in physiological states and clinical conditions","author":"Lukaski","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109729","article-title":"Bioimpedance identifies body fluid loss after exercise in the heat: a pilot study with body cooling","volume":"9","author":"Gatterer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199910000-00017","article-title":"Bioimpedance assessment of hypohydration","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00013.2005","article-title":"Effects of gender and hypovolemia on sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress","volume":"289","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3828.2014","article-title":"Simulations of gravitational stress on normovolemic and hypovolemic men and women","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.2.159","article-title":"Validation of bioelectrical-impedance measurements as a method to estimate body-water compartments","volume":"60","author":"van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.4.764","article-title":"Reliability of body-fat estimates from a four-compartment model by using density, body water, and bone mineral measurements","volume":"55","author":"Friedl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199204000-00009","article-title":"Erythrocyte, plasma, and blood volume of healthy young men","volume":"24","author":"Sawka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.2.247","article-title":"Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration","volume":"37","author":"Dill","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00665-7","article-title":"Impedance vector distribution by sex, race, body mass index, and age in the United States: standard reference intervals as bivariate Z scores","volume":"18","author":"Piccoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib22","series-title":"BIVA software","author":"Piccoli","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327841mpee0101_6","article-title":"Estimating sample size in repeated measures analysis of variance","volume":"1","author":"Tran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.1.26","article-title":"Estimation of extracellular and total body water by multiple-frequency bioelectrical-impedance measurement","volume":"54","author":"Segal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib25","series-title":"In: Renal function: mechanisms preserving fluid and solute balance in health","first-page":"17","article-title":"The body fluid compartments.","author":"Valtin","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.27703","article-title":"Role of bioimpedance spectroscopy in assessment of body water compartments in hemodialysis patients","volume":"38","author":"Cox-Reijven","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0099-0","article-title":"Total body water measurement by a modification of the bioimpedance spectroscopy method","volume":"44","author":"Jaffrin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.170","article-title":"Reference change values for monitoring dehydration","volume":"49","author":"Cheuvront","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916522065571?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916522065571?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/103\/3\/724\/23767412\/ajcn115352.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T02:31:12Z","timestamp":1685759472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916522065571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916522065571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Noninvasive assessment of extracellular and intracellular dehydration in healthy humans using the resistance-reactance\u2013score graph method","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.115352","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}