{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T15:49:19Z","timestamp":1770133759601,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2171,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T02:20:18Z","timestamp":1483582818000},"page":"618-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Vitamin B-12\u2013fortified toothpaste improves vitamin status in vegans: a 12-wk randomized placebo-controlled study ,"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Siebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Weder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussain M","family":"Awwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sputtek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Geisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01907.x","article-title":"Replacement therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency: comparison between the sublingual and oral route","volume":"56","author":"Sharabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/01639360903574734","article-title":"Vitamin B(12) deficiency is linked with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors in institutionalized older adults: could a cyanocobalamin nasal spray be beneficial?","volume":"29","author":"Rozgony","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr Elder"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247460","article-title":"Normalization of plasma vitamin B12 concentration by intranasal hydroxocobalamin in vitamin B12-deficient patients","volume":"113","author":"Slot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/00365519009089152","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and haptocorrin in nasal secretion","volume":"50","author":"T\u00f8nnesen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518809167494","article-title":"Human salivary epidermal growth factor, haptocorrin and amylase before and after prolonged exercise","volume":"48","author":"Nex\u00f8","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(85)90088-1","article-title":"Characterization and immunohistochemical localization of rat salivary cobalamin-binding protein and comparison with human salivary haptocorrin","volume":"838","author":"Nex\u00f8","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.131","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians","volume":"78","author":"Herrmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003540","article-title":"Homocysteine and cobalamin status in German vegans","volume":"7","author":"Waldmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.142","article-title":"Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in British male omnivores, vegetarians and vegans: results from a cross-sectional analysis of the EPIC-Oxford cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Gilsing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013441","article-title":"Biomarkers of cobalamin (vitamin B-12) status in the epidemiologic setting: a critical overview of context, applications, and performance characteristics of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and holotranscobalamin II","volume":"94","author":"Carmel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451200520X","article-title":"Plasma total homocysteine status of vegetarians compared with omnivores: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Obersby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.4.407","article-title":"Prevalence of subtle cobalamin deficiency","volume":"159","author":"Lesho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12034","article-title":"Utility and limitations of biochemical markers of vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"43","author":"Herrmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.006","article-title":"An audit of holotranscobalamin (\u201cActive\u201d B12) and methylmalonic acid assays for the assessment of vitamin B12 status: application in a mixed patient population","volume":"47","author":"Sobczy\u0144ska-Malefora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0818","article-title":"Combined indicator of vitamin B12 status: modification for missing biomarkers and folate status and recommendations for revised cut-points","volume":"53","author":"Fedosov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.096784","article-title":"Active B12: a rapid, automated assay for holotranscobalamin on the Abbott AxSYM analyzer","volume":"54","author":"Brady","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.116509","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 treatment of asymptomatic, deficient, elderly Chileans improves conductivity in myelinated peripheral nerves, but high serum folate impairs vitamin B-12 status response assessed by the combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status","volume":"103","author":"Brito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.10.1768","article-title":"Holo-transcobalamin is an early marker of changes in cobalamin homeostasis. A randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Nexo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.055509","article-title":"Nonradioactive vitamin B12 absorption test evaluated in controls and in patients with inherited malabsorption of vitamin B12","volume":"51","author":"Bor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.131524","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin B(12) absorption based on the accumulation of orally administered cyanocobalamin on transcobalamin","volume":"56","author":"Hardlei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.107359","article-title":"Increases in plasma holotranscobalamin can be used to assess vitamin B-12 absorption in individuals with low plasma vitamin B-12","volume":"139","author":"Bhat","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.119768","article-title":"Best (but oft forgotten) practices: testing for treatment effects in randomized trials by separate analyses of changes from baseline in each group is a misleading approach","volume":"102","author":"Bland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27230C","article-title":"Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with vitamin B-12: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"89","author":"Hoey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1057","article-title":"Holo-transcobalamin is an indicator of vitamin B-12 absorption in healthy adults with adequate vitamin B-12 status","volume":"85","author":"von Castel-Roberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.189738","volume":"144","author":"Midttun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.165712","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 supplementation of rural Mexican women changes biochemical vitamin B-12 status indicators but does not affect hematology or a bone turnover marker","volume":"142","author":"Shahab-Ferdows","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916522047980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916522047980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T07:24:04Z","timestamp":1685431444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916522047980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916522047980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin B-12\u2013fortified toothpaste improves vitamin status in vegans: a 12-wk randomized placebo-controlled study,","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.116.141978","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2017 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}