{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:12:27Z","timestamp":1791821547639,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2018,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T01:00:19Z","timestamp":1496883619000},"page":"447-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cholecystokinin responsiveness varies across the population dependent on metabolic phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya J","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoqing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake T","family":"Langlais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amylou C","family":"Dueck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence J","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.04.002","article-title":"Metabolic actions of the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor: its potential as a therapeutic target","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.02.023","article-title":"Multi-hormonal weight loss combinations in diet-induced obese rats: therapeutic potential of cholecystokinin?","volume":"100","author":"Trevaskis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.03.019","article-title":"Brainstem sensing of meal-related signals in energy homeostasis","volume":"63","author":"Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.33","article-title":"Diabetes: concerns about long-term use of GLP-1 analogues","volume":"12","author":"Holmes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2713","article-title":"A critical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: are the GLP-1 therapies safe?","volume":"36","author":"Butler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb29936.x","article-title":"The satiety effect of cholecystokinin: recent progress and current problems","volume":"448","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100506","article-title":"Gastrointestinal satiety signals","volume":"70","author":"Chaudhri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3280122850","article-title":"Cholecystokinin","volume":"14","author":"Chandra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90180-5","article-title":"Endogenous cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion via vagal afferent pathway in rats","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70399-9","article-title":"Expression of cholecystokinin A receptors in neurons innervating the rat stomach and intestine","volume":"117","author":"Sternini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38196-0","article-title":"SR 146131: a new potent, orally active, and selective nonpeptide cholecystokinin subtype 1 receptor agonist. I. In vitro studies","volume":"289","author":"Bignon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.07.083","article-title":"2-Substituted piperazine-derived imidazole carboxamides as potent and selective CCK1R agonists for the treatment of obesity","volume":"18","author":"Berger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.02.049","article-title":"Discovery of new piperidine amide triazolobenzodiazepinones as intestinal-selective CCK1 receptor agonists","volume":"22","author":"Cameron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G363","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00074.2004","article-title":"Effect of oral CCK-1 agonist GI 181771X on fasting and postprandial gastric functions in healthy volunteers","volume":"287","author":"Castillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100272","article-title":"Stimulation of cholecystokinin-A receptors with GI 181771X does not cause weight loss in overweight or obese patients","volume":"83","author":"Jordan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90601-0","article-title":"Abnormal processing of the human cholecystokinin receptor gene in association with gallstones and obesity","volume":"109","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00123","article-title":"Sensitivity of cholecystokinin receptors to membrane cholesterol content","volume":"3","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib19","first-page":"G1401","article-title":"CCK receptor dysfunction in muscle membranes from human gallbladders with cholesterol stones","volume":"276","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G251","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.278.2.G251","article-title":"Defect of receptor-G protein coupling in human gallbladder with cholesterol stones","volume":"278","author":"Xiao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib21","first-page":"G659","article-title":"Direct G protein activation reverses impaired CCK signaling in human gallbladders with cholesterol stones","volume":"269","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034870","article-title":"Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats","volume":"84","author":"Gibbs","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90123-6","article-title":"L-phenylalanine releases cholecystokinin (CCK) and is associated with reduced food intake in humans: evidence for a physiological role of CCK in control of eating","volume":"43","author":"Ballinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.2.154","article-title":"C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man","volume":"34","author":"Kissileff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.01.008","article-title":"CCK-58 elicits both satiety and satiation in rats while CCK-8 elicits only satiation","volume":"54","author":"Overduin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90392-2","article-title":"Gallbladder contraction in patients with pigment and cholesterol stones","volume":"97","author":"Behar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib28","first-page":"G56","article-title":"Membrane cholesterol alters gallbladder muscle contractility in prairie dogs","volume":"271","author":"Yu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M020065","article-title":"Differential sensitivity of types 1 and 2 cholecystokinin receptors to membrane cholesterol","volume":"53","author":"Potter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18314","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.570200","article-title":"A type 1 cholecystokinin receptor mutant that mimics the dysfunction observed for wild type receptor in a high cholesterol environment","volume":"289","author":"Desai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G377","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00173.2015","article-title":"Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on a CCK1R cholesterol-binding site may contribute to its positive effects in digestive function","volume":"309","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.03.003","article-title":"Beneficial effects of beta-sitosterol on type 1 cholecystokinin receptor dysfunction induced by elevated membrane cholesterol","volume":"35","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)33420-9","article-title":"Altered signal pathway in granulocytes from patients with hypercholesterolemia","volume":"40","author":"Paragh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.03.021","article-title":"Angiotensin II-induced oxidative burst is fluvastatin sensitive in neutrophils of patients with hypercholesterolemia","volume":"54","author":"Seres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-006-0020-7","article-title":"The association between angiotensin II-induced free radical generation and membrane fluidity in neutrophils of patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"214","author":"Seres","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1960","article-title":"Allosteric regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity by phospholipids","volume":"12","author":"Dawaliby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.11.020","article-title":"Are specific nonannular cholesterol binding sites present in G-protein coupled receptors?","volume":"1788","author":"Paila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18091","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018091","article-title":"Enhanced transduction and replication of RGD-fiber modified adenovirus in primary T cells","volume":"6","author":"Sengupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.08.115","article-title":"Discovery of N-benzyl-2-[(4S)-4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-6H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,5]benzodiazepin-6-yl]-N-isopropylacetamide, an orally active, gut-selective CCK1 receptor agonist for the potential treatment of obesity","volume":"20","author":"Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.094342","article-title":"Advances in G protein-coupled receptor allostery: from function to structure","volume":"86","author":"Christopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.221606","article-title":"Endogenous allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"353","author":"van der Westhuizen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1426","article-title":"Positive and negative allosteric modulators promote biased signaling at the calcium-sensing receptor","volume":"153","author":"Davey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.03.051","article-title":"Elimination of a cholecystokinin receptor agonist \u2018trigger\u2019 in an effort to develop positive allosteric modulators without intrinsic agonist activity","volume":"25","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916522025710?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916522025710?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:11:46Z","timestamp":1750295506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916522025710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916522025710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cholecystokinin responsiveness varies across the population dependent on metabolic phenotype","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.117.156943","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2017 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}