{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:34:29Z","timestamp":1792190069780,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5025,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]],"date-time":"2009-04-16T00:49:43Z","timestamp":1239842983000},"page":"1729-1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The droplet size of intraduodenal fat emulsions influences antropyloroduodenal motility, hormone release, and appetite in healthy males"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Radhika V","family":"Seimon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Wooster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e4rbel","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya J","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Feinle-Bisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib1","first-page":"G671","article-title":"Antropyloroduodenal motor responses to intraduodenal lipid infusion in healthy volunteers.","volume":"254","author":"Heddle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90665-8","article-title":"Relationship of the motor activity of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum to gastric emptying of a solid-liquid mixed meal.","volume":"94","author":"Houghton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34793-2","article-title":"Immunochemical studies on cholecystokinin. II. Distribution and molecular heterogeneity in the central nervous system and small intestine of man and hog.","volume":"253","author":"Rehfeld","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90211-2","article-title":"Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY.","volume":"89","author":"Adrian","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.1.6","article-title":"Effects of small-intestinal fat and carbohydrate infusions on appetite and food intake in obese and nonobese men.","volume":"69","author":"Chapman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib6","first-page":"R755","article-title":"Effects of small intestinal nutrient infusion on appetite and pyloric motility are modified by age.","volume":"273","author":"Cook","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib7","first-page":"G612","article-title":"Role of lipase in the regulation of upper gastrointestinal function in humans.","volume":"273","author":"Schwizer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030199","article-title":"Effect of lipase inhibition on gastric emptying of, and the glycemic and incretin responses to, an oil\/aqueous drink in type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"88","author":"Pilichiewicz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G798","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00512.2002","article-title":"Effects of fat digestion on appetite, APD motility, and gut hormones in response to duodenal fat infusion in humans.","volume":"284","author":"Feinle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70640-7","article-title":"Hydrolysis of dietary fat by pancreatic lipase stimulates cholecystokinin release.","volume":"114","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E948","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00220.2005","article-title":"Fat digestion is required for the suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide secretion by intraduodenal lipid.","volume":"289","author":"Feinle-Bisset","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2238","article-title":"Regulation of fat-stimulated neurotensin secretion in healthy subjects.","volume":"93","author":"Drewe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.5.689","article-title":"The role of long chain fatty acids in regulating food intake and cholecystokinin release in humans.","volume":"46","author":"Matzinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003971","article-title":"Lipase inhibition attenuates the acute inhibitory effects of oral fat on food intake in healthy subjects.","volume":"90","author":"O\u2019Donovan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.6.1096","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of 2 fat emulsions with different droplet sizes in the human digestive tract.","volume":"70","author":"Armand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G188","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00375.2002","article-title":"High-fat diet effects on gut motility, hormone, and appetite responses to duodenal lipid in healthy men.","volume":"284","author":"Boyd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23232","article-title":"Fat digestion modulates gastrointestinal sensations induced by gastric distention and duodenal lipid in humans.","volume":"120","author":"Feinle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.060","article-title":"Free fatty acids have more potent effects on gastric emptying, gut hormones, and appetite than triacylglycerides.","volume":"133","author":"Little","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E743","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2007","article-title":"Load-dependent effects of duodenal glucose on glycemia, gastrointestinal hormones, antropyloroduodenal motility, and energy intake in healthy men.","volume":"293","author":"Pilichiewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R668","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00606.2005","article-title":"Effects of load, and duration, of duodenal lipid on antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma CCK and PYY, and energy intake in healthy men.","volume":"290","author":"Pilichiewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90010-8","article-title":"The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger.","volume":"29","author":"Stunkard","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601768","article-title":"Relation between food intake and visual analogue scale ratings of appetite and other sensations in healthy older and young subjects.","volume":"58","author":"Parker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R524","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00039.2004","article-title":"Effects of intraduodenal fatty acids on appetite, antropyloroduodenal motility, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 in humans vary with their chain length.","volume":"287","author":"Feltrin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018894520557","article-title":"Proximal gastric motor activity in response to a liquid meal in type I diabetes mellitus with autonomic neuropathy.","volume":"43","author":"Samsom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib25","first-page":"G490","article-title":"Topography and measurement of pyloric pressure waves and tone in humans.","volume":"255","author":"Heddle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib26","first-page":"499","article-title":"Effect of intraduodenal taurodeoxycholate and L-phenylalanine on pancreatic secretion and on gastroenteropancreatic peptide release in man.","volume":"1","author":"Riepl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1090","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00290.2005","article-title":"Dose-related effects of lauric acid on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men.","volume":"289","author":"Little","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib28","first-page":"G645","article-title":"Effect of glucose supplementation on appetite and the pyloric motor response to intraduodenal glucose and lipid.","volume":"274","author":"Andrews","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80490-8","article-title":"Immunohistochemical identification of the cholecystokinin cell in the intestinal mucosa.","volume":"70","author":"Buffa","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E647","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00099.2006","article-title":"The release of GLP-1 and ghrelin, but not GIP and CCK, by glucose is dependent upon the length of small intestine exposed.","volume":"291","author":"Little","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00312-0","article-title":"Release of distal gut peptide YY (PYY) by fat in proximal gut depends on CCK.","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.10.014","article-title":"Intravenous CCK-8, but not GLP-1, suppresses ghrelin and stimulates PYY release in healthy men.","volume":"28","author":"Brennan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.079","article-title":"Pyloric electrical stimulation reduces food intake by inhibiting gastric motility in dogs.","volume":"128","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.4.R1149","article-title":"Loxiglumide, a CCK-A receptor antagonist, stimulates calorie intake and hunger feelings in humans.","volume":"280","author":"Beglinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00887","article-title":"Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake.","volume":"418","author":"Batterham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.4.476","article-title":"Satiety after preloads with different amounts of fat and carbohydrate: implications for obesity.","volume":"60","author":"Rolls","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.01.023","article-title":"Effect of fatty acid chain length on suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of PYY, GLP-2 and PP secretion in healthy men.","volume":"27","author":"Feltrin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000291652323854X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000291652323854X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/89\/6\/1729\/23851021\/1729.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T07:37:17Z","timestamp":1685432237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000291652323854X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S000291652323854X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The droplet size of intraduodenal fat emulsions influences antropyloroduodenal motility, hormone release, and appetite in healthy males","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27518","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}