{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:02:03Z","timestamp":1777424523668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4526,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]],"date-time":"2010-08-26T01:07:14Z","timestamp":1282784834000},"page":"818-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Folic acid fortification above mandated levels results in a low prevalence of folate inadequacy among Canadians"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Yaseer A","family":"Shakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Garriguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah L","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib1","unstructured":"Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib2","unstructured":"Canada Gazette Part II. Regulatory impact analysis statement. In: Bureau of Food Regulatory IaIA, Health Canada, ed. 1998:3029\u201333. (SOR\/98-550.)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-4-20","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of food fortification with folic acid for the primary prevention of neural tube defects","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200203000-00026","article-title":"Increased red cell folate concentrations in women of reproductive age after Canadian folic acid food fortification","volume":"13","author":"Ray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405010","article-title":"Declining rate of folate insufficiency among adults following increased folic acid food fortification in Canada","volume":"93","author":"Ray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067103","article-title":"Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada","volume":"357","author":"De Wals","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)32685-8","article-title":"Pre-conceptional vitamin\/folic acid supplementation 2007: the use of folic acid in combination with a multivitamin supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies","volume":"29","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b1673","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1673","article-title":"Prevalence of severe congenital heart disease after folic acid fortification of grain products: time trend analysis in Quebec, Canada","volume":"338","author":"Ionescu-Ittu","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.21.2351","article-title":"Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"297","author":"Cole","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328306ccdb","article-title":"Colon cancer in Chile before and after the start of the flour fortification program with folic acid","volume":"21","author":"Hirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0329","article-title":"A temporal association between folic acid fortification and an increase in colorectal cancer rates may be illuminating important biological principles: a hypothesis","volume":"16","author":"Mason","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.193","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification","volume":"85","author":"Morris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith AD, Kim YI, Refsum H. Is folic acid good for everyone? Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:517\u201333.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.3.517"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp315","article-title":"Effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"170","author":"Whitrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0793-y","article-title":"Vitamin B(12) and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study","volume":"51","author":"Yajnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib16","unstructured":"Health Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 Nutrition (2004). September 26, 2006. Available from: http:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/fn-an\/surveill\/nutrition\/commun\/cchs_guide_escc-eng.php (cited 9 July 2009)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib17","unstructured":"Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: applications in dietary assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib18","unstructured":"USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA automated multiple-pass method. 13 August 2009. Available from: http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/Services\/docs.htm?docid=7710 (cited 20 November 2009)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib19","unstructured":"Health Canada, The Canadian Nutrient File. Available from: http:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/fn-an\/nutrition\/fiche-nutri-data\/cnf_aboutus-aproposdenous_fcen-eng.php (cited 10 November 2009)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib20","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture. USDA nutrient database for standard reference release 13. Available from: http:\/\/www.nal.usda.gov\/fnic\/foodcomp (cited 19 February 2010)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib21","first-page":"154","article-title":"The impact of food fortification on folic acid intake in Canada","volume":"94","author":"Quinlivan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakur YA, Rogenstein C, Hartman-Craven B, Tarasuk V, O\u2019Connor DL. How much folate is in Canadian fortified products 10 years after mandated fortification? Can J Public Health 2009;100:281\u20134.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403947"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.601S","article-title":"Estimation of usual intake distributions of nutrients and foods","volume":"133","author":"Carriquiry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib24","unstructured":"Health Canada. Folate: prenatal nutrition guidelines for health professionals. Available from: http:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/fn-an\/alt_formats\/hpfb-dgpsa\/pdf\/pubs\/folate-eng.pdf (cited 12 March 2010)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.011","article-title":"Statistical methods for estimating usual intake of nutrients and foods: a review of the theory","volume":"106","author":"Dodd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.2.507S","article-title":"Evaluation of dietary intake data using the tolerable upper intake levels","volume":"136","author":"Carriquiry","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28427","article-title":"Total folate and folic acid intake from foods and dietary supplements in the United States: 2003\u20132006","volume":"91","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008004667","article-title":"Folic acid food fortification prevents inadequate folate intake among preschoolers from Ontario","volume":"12","author":"Hennessy-Priest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.9.3.258","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplement use in the United States. Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"9","author":"Balluz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665108008720","article-title":"Session 1: public health nutrition. Folic acid food fortification: the Irish experience","volume":"67","author":"Flynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.09.007","article-title":"Folate status of young Canadian women after folic acid fortification of grain products","volume":"108","author":"Shuaibi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50062","article-title":"Folate intakes and awareness of folate to prevent neural tube defects: a survey of women living in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"103","author":"French","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28401","article-title":"Folic acid source, usual intake, and folate and vitamin B-12 status in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003\u20132006","volume":"91","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib34","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Canada Food Stats\u2013food available for consumption in Canada\u20132008. 25 June 2009. Available from: http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/ads-annonces\/23f0001x\/hl-fs-eng.htm (cited 30 May 2010)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2005.03.005","article-title":"Increasing natural food folates through bioprocessing and biotechnology","volume":"16","author":"Jagerstad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-004-2253-z","article-title":"Body mass index and serum folate in childbearing age women","volume":"19","author":"Mojtabai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2005.10719474","article-title":"The effect of folate fortification of cereal-grain products on blood folate status, dietary folate intake, and dietary folate sources among adult non-supplement users in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Dietrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.11.2820","article-title":"One-third of pregnant and lactating women may not be meeting their folate requirements from diet alone based on mandated levels of folic acid fortification","volume":"136","author":"Sherwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.10.2588","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"136","author":"Dauchet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.4.922","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.3.669","article-title":"Status of plasma folate after folic acid fortification of the food supply in pregnant African American women and the influences of diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption","volume":"81","author":"Stark","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib42","unstructured":"Canadian Diabetes Assocation. Tips for healthy eating diabetes prevention and management. Available from: http:\/\/www.diabetes.ca\/files\/JTB17x_11_CPGO3_1103.pdf (cited 10 April 2010)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696_bib43","unstructured":"Health Canada. Eating well with Canada\u2019s food guide. 7 October 2008. Available from: http:\/\/www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/fn-an\/food-guide-aliment\/ordercommander\/index-eng.php (cited 31 May 2010)."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523019913?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523019913?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/92\/4\/818\/23866152\/818.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T16:27:32Z","timestamp":1685377652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523019913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523019913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Folic acid fortification above mandated levels results in a low prevalence of folate inadequacy among Canadians","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29696","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}