{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:33:29Z","timestamp":1790703209689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4494,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,23]],"date-time":"2010-09-23T04:11:39Z","timestamp":1285215099000},"page":"1113-1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Dietary choline requirements of women: effects of estrogen and genetic variation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Leslie M","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry-Ann","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lester","family":"Kwock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Galanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven H","family":"Zeisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111156","article-title":"Choline: critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults","volume":"26","author":"Zeisel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib2","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Dietary reference intakes for folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998:390\u2013422."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1302","article-title":"Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods","volume":"133","author":"Zeisel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1302","article-title":"Erratum: concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods","volume":"133","author":"Zeisel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-8227com","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes","volume":"21","author":"Resseguie","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301982200","article-title":"A gender-specific role for phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-derived phosphatidylcholine in the regulation of plasma high density and very low density lipoproteins in mice","volume":"278","author":"Noga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39478-5","article-title":"Estradiol- and testosterone-induced alterations in phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride synthesis in hepatic endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1275","article-title":"Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline","volume":"85","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.12.3049","article-title":"Pregnancy and lactation are associated with diminished concentrations of choline and its metabolites in rat liver","volume":"125","author":"Zeisel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00202.x","article-title":"Perinatal choline influences brain structure and function","volume":"64","author":"Zeisel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5734com","article-title":"Common genetic polymorphisms affect the human requirement for the nutrient choline","volume":"20","author":"da Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2004.09.027","article-title":"Choline- and betaine-defined diets for use in clinical research and for the management of trimethylaminuria","volume":"104","author":"Busby","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1021\/ac025624x","article-title":"Quantitation of choline and its metabolites in tissues and foods by liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization-isotope dilution mass spectrometry","volume":"74","author":"Koc","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.440","article-title":"Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load","volume":"81","author":"da Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(96)00224-X","article-title":"Introduction of fast MR imaging in the assessment of hepatic steatosis","volume":"15","author":"Fishbein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.295085186","article-title":"Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib18","first-page":"131","article-title":"Micromethod for rapid separation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood","volume":"1","author":"Fotino","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1971.tb00469.x","article-title":"A technique for lymphocyte preparation from stored heparinized blood","volume":"20","author":"Ting","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib20","unstructured":"Levene H. Robust tests for equality of variance. In: Olkin I, ed. Contributions to probability and statistics. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960:278\u201392."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20973","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Farrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.101931","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in women with chronic hepatitis C: evidence for the negative role of the menopause and steatosis and the potential benefit of hormone replacement therapy","volume":"56","author":"Codes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3580com","article-title":"Polymorphism of the PEMT gene and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(90)90039-N","article-title":"Effects of choline deficiency and methotrexate treatment upon rat liver","volume":"1","author":"Pomfret","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp113","article-title":"Invited commentary: hormone therapy risks and benefits\u2014The Women\u2019s Health Initiative findings and the postmenopausal estrogen timing hypothesis","volume":"170","author":"Banks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"lb219","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.21.6.LB46-c","article-title":"Choline in the diets of the U.S. population: NHANES, 2003-2004","volume":"21","author":"Jensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib27","unstructured":"Keast D. Food sources of choline in the diets of US older adults: NHANES, 1999-2004. Presented at the National Nutrient Data Bank Conference, 2007. Available from: http:\/\/www.nutrientdataconf.org\/PastConf\/NDBC31\/PgmBook.pdf (cited 15 September 2010)."},{"key":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16025","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504285102","article-title":"Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans","volume":"102","author":"Kohlmeier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523129194?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523129194?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/92\/5\/1113\/23866297\/1113.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:26:00Z","timestamp":1740529560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523129194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523129194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dietary choline requirements of women: effects of estrogen and genetic variation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30064","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}