{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:47:34Z","timestamp":1791085654472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4092,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T01:00:47Z","timestamp":1319677247000},"page":"2166-2171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Low- and High-Dose Plant and Marine (n-3) Fatty Acids Do Not Affect Plasma Inflammatory Markers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Dewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad Fani","family":"Marvasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease.","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S343","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.343S","article-title":"Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production.","volume":"71","author":"James","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.171S","article-title":"Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease.","volume":"71","author":"Connor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94","article-title":"Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease.","volume":"106","author":"Kris-Etherton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0831-4","article-title":"Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults.","volume":"36","author":"Thies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002815","article-title":"The effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on serum concentrations of C-reactive protein: a dose-response study.","volume":"89","author":"Madsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003892","article-title":"Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 production by mononuclear cells following dietary fish-oil supplementation in healthy men and response to antioxidant co-supplementation.","volume":"90","author":"Trebble","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(03)00101-3","article-title":"Dietary fish oil decreases C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and triacylglycerol to HDL-cholesterol ratio in postmenopausal women on HRT.","volume":"14","author":"Ciubotaru","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.09.012","article-title":"Supplementation with omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and all-rac alpha-tocopherol alone and in combination failed to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in human volunteers.","volume":"53","author":"Vega-Lpez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601986","article-title":"Intake of n-3 fatty acids from fish does not lower serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects.","volume":"58","author":"Geelen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041230","article-title":"Background diet influences the anti-inflammatory effect of alpha-linolenic acid in dyslipidaemic subjects.","volume":"92","author":"Paschos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.006","article-title":"Soluble adhesion molecules and marine n-3 fatty acids in patients referred for coronary angiography.","volume":"180","author":"Eschen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.3.583","article-title":"Influence of long-term intervention with dietary counseling, long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplements, or both on circulating markers of endothelial activation in men with long-standing hyperlipidemia.","volume":"81","author":"Hjerkinn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.52.261","article-title":"The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid-fortified food on inflammatory markers in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.","volume":"52","author":"Fujioka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00576.x","article-title":"The impact of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on inflammation, insulin sensitivity and CVD risk in a group of overweight women with an inflammatory phenotype.","volume":"9","author":"Browning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.6.1061","article-title":"Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men.","volume":"138","author":"Damsgaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2008.02.002","article-title":"Influence of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids on plasma markers of inflammation in middle-aged men.","volume":"78","author":"Yusof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.63","article-title":"No effect of fish oil supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and their interrelationships: a randomized controlled trial in healthy, middle-aged individuals.","volume":"63","author":"Pot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.04.031","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin-18 are reduced by diet and n-3 fatty acid intervention in elderly high-risk men.","volume":"58","author":"Tr\u2019seid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.020","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and plant sterols in hyperlipidemic individuals.","volume":"204","author":"Micallef","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.100354","article-title":"DHA supplementation decreases serum C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in hypertriglyceridemic men.","volume":"139","author":"Kelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.003871","article-title":"Dose-response effects of omega-3 fatty acids on triglycerides, inflammation, and endothelial function in healthy persons with moderate hypertriglyceridemia.","volume":"93","author":"Skulas-Ray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.05.010","article-title":"Inflammatory markers are not altered by an eight week dietary alpha-linolenic acid intervention in healthy abdominally obese adult males and females.","volume":"38","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.2991","article-title":"Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women.","volume":"134","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719676","article-title":"Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.","volume":"27","author":"Bloedon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.113472","article-title":"Increased consumption of fatty and lean fish reduces serum C-reactive protein concentrations but not inflammation markers in feces and in colonic biopsies.","volume":"140","author":"Pot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation.2002;106:3143\u20133421.","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1148-z","article-title":"Insulin resistance is associated with a modest increase in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of moderately obese women.","volume":"51","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114163","article-title":"Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments.","volume":"122","author":"Blair","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.02.030","article-title":"The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?.","volume":"39","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.4.470","article-title":"Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.","volume":"20","author":"Allain","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/21.13.1983","article-title":"Faster enzymatic procedure for serum triglycerides.","volume":"21","author":"Sampson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41577-9","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the heparin-manganese precipitation procedure for estimating high density lipoprotein cholesterol.","volume":"19","author":"Warnick","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, with use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000158483.13093.9D","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive perspective based on interactions between obesity, diabetes, and inflammation.","volume":"111","author":"Dandona","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.097360","article-title":"Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from vascular biology to biomarker discovery and risk prediction.","volume":"54","author":"Packard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890902769675","article-title":"Update on integrated biomarkers for assessment of long-term risk of cardiovascular complications in initially healthy subjects and patients with manifest atherosclerosis.","volume":"41","author":"Koenig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.5.937","article-title":"Serum folate and homocysteine concentrations in large population samples of US ethnic and racial groups.","volume":"70","author":"Baggott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.013","article-title":"Inverse association of erythrocyte n-3 fatty acid levels with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study.","volume":"205","author":"Farzaneh-Far","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.008","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives.","volume":"197","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.03.008","article-title":"Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein in young Japanese women.","volume":"28","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05895blu","article-title":"Major depressive disorder is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and low Omega-3 index.","volume":"72","author":"Baghai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell\u2019Infarto miocardico. Lancet. 1999;354:447\u2013455.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07072-5"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60527-3","article-title":"Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis.","volume":"369","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.142240_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1477","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1477S","article-title":"n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease.","volume":"83","author":"Breslow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622031236?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622031236?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/141\/12\/2166\/23948166\/2166.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T22:49:54Z","timestamp":1686696594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622031236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622031236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.111.142240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low- and High-Dose Plant and Marine (n-3) Fatty Acids Do Not Affect Plasma Inflammatory Markers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.111.142240","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}