{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:33:30Z","timestamp":1791426810419,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3715,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T21:29:58Z","timestamp":1350595798000},"page":"2236S-2244S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Effects and Side Effects Associated with the Non-Nutritional Use of Tryptophan by Humans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"John D.","family":"Fernstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib1","unstructured":"Panel on Macronutrients, Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber,Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Subcommitteeon Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, StandingCommittee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Food and Nutrition Board. Protein and amino acids. Dietary ReferenceIntakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol,protein and amino acids.Washington, DC.: National Academies Press;2002. p. 589\u2013768."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.000141","article-title":"Trends in carbohydrate ,fat and protein ,intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight overweight and obese individuals: 1971\u20132006","volume":"93","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3177.968.a","article-title":"Evidence that serotonin has a role in brain function.","volume":"122","author":"Brodie","year":"1955","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1126\/science.163.3862.32","article-title":"Biogenic amines and the states of sleep.","volume":"163","author":"Jouvet","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16904.x","article-title":"Role of serotonin in depression.","volume":"600","author":"Meltzer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1983.63.2.484","article-title":"Role of precursor availability in the control of monoamine biosynthesis in brain.","volume":"63","author":"Fernstrom","year":"1983","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.2.269","article-title":"Effect of tryptophan administration on 5HIAA in cerebrospinal fluid in man.","volume":"33","author":"Eccleston","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.112.485.391","article-title":"Some experiments in the chemistry of normal sleep.","volume":"112","author":"Oswald","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450130070029","article-title":"Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: results of national surveillance.","volume":"264","author":"Swygert","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008093230601","article-title":"An investigation of the cause of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with tryptophan use.","volume":"323","author":"Belongia","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib11","first-page":"81","article-title":"Tryptophan produced by Showa Denko and epidemic eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.","volume":"46","author":"Kilbourne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(93)90009-9","article-title":"Regulation of serotonin synthesis.","volume":"60","author":"Boadle-Biber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.3992.149","article-title":"Brain serotonin content: physiological dependence on plasma tryptophan levels.","volume":"173","author":"Fernstrom","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet.","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(03)00153-0","article-title":"Alpha-lactalbumin-enriched diets enhance serotonin release and induce anxiolytic and rewarding effects in the rat.","volume":"148","author":"Orosco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(83)90678-0","article-title":"Activation of tryptophan hydroxylase by stimulation of central serotonergic neurons.","volume":"32","author":"Boadle-Biber","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(90)90585-F","article-title":"Effect of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin on the tryptophan-induced increase in 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation in rat brain.","volume":"47","author":"Fernstrom","year":"1990","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib18","series-title":"Physiology of the CSF and blood-brain barriers.","author":"Davson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.721641.x","article-title":"Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in normal volunteers.","volume":"72","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(75)90347-8","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of blood brain barrier transport of amino acids.","volume":"401","author":"Pardridge","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)77645-5","article-title":"Neutral amino acid transport at the human blood-brain barrier.","volume":"263","author":"Hargreaves","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16869.x","article-title":"History of serotonin and serotonin disorders.","volume":"600","author":"Sjoerdsma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib23","series-title":"Serotonin in biological psychiatry.","first-page":"259","article-title":"Serotonin precursors in the treatment of depression.","author":"van Praag","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)91084-5","article-title":"Potentiation of the antidepressive effect of a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor by tryptophan.","volume":"1","author":"Coppen","year":"1963","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)90271-X","article-title":"Potentiation of monoamine-oxidse inhibitors by tryptophan.","volume":"2","author":"Pare","year":"1963","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(69)90013-2","article-title":"Potentiation of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor by tryptophan.","volume":"7","author":"Glassman","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92151-0","article-title":"Tryptophan\/imipramine in depression.","volume":"2","author":"Jensen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6007.460-b","article-title":"Tryptophan and depression.","volume":"1","author":"Rao","year":"1976","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1971125743","article-title":"Monoamine precursors in the treatment of depression.","volume":"12","author":"Carroll","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750220074014","article-title":"Effect of L-tryptophan on brain serotonin metabolism in depressed patients.","volume":"26","author":"Dunner","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.127.7.872","article-title":"Studies of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine L-dopa and L-tryptophan in depression and mania.","volume":"127","author":"Bunney","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.132.2.180","article-title":"Affective disorder: studies with amine precursors.","volume":"132","author":"Dunner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1979.tb04482.x","article-title":"Tryptophan-nicotinamide imipramine and their combination in depression. A controlled study.","volume":"59","author":"Chouinard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770110112012","article-title":"Potentiation of the antidepressant action of clomipramine by tryptophan.","volume":"33","author":"W\u00e4linder","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.10.12.1076","article-title":"Neurologic effects of tryptophan in patients receiving a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.","volume":"10","author":"Oates","year":"1960","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.6.705","article-title":"The serotonin syndrome.","volume":"148","author":"Sternbach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70116-6","article-title":"Serotonin syndrome.","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196212272672603","article-title":"Central-nervous-system effects of ingestion of L-tryptophan by normal subjects.","volume":"267","author":"Smith","year":"1962","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)07141-8","article-title":"Drugs and sleep","volume":"20","author":"Oswald","year":"1968","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(69)90193-X","article-title":"Effects of para-chlorophenylalanine on sleep in man.","volume":"27","author":"Wyatt","year":"1969","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(71)90147-7","article-title":"Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on the sleep of normal human subjects.","volume":"30","author":"Wyatt","year":"1971","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.09.008","article-title":"Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: neurobiologic mechanisms underlying sleep and wakefulness.","volume":"29","author":"Markov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiat Clin N Am."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1974.01760150098014","article-title":"Hypnotic effects of L-tryptophan.","volume":"31","author":"Hartmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)92015-5","article-title":"Effects of L-tryptophan (a natural sedative) on human sleep.","volume":"2","author":"Wyatt","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1972.tb03218.x","article-title":"Tryptophan and sleep in young adults.","volume":"9","author":"Griffiths","year":"1972","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000468491","article-title":"Interval therapy with L-tryptophan in severe chronic insomniacs.","volume":"16","author":"Schneider-Helmert","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(79)90172-2","article-title":"One gram of l-tryptophan fails to alter the time taken to fall asleep.","volume":"18","author":"Adam","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.134.4.366","article-title":"L-tryptophan: a rational hypnotic with clinical potential.","volume":"134","author":"Hartmann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib49","first-page":"101","article-title":"Effects of L-tryptophan on sleep onset insomniacs.","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"1979","journal-title":"Waking Sleeping."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib50","first-page":"168","article-title":"Effect of intragastric amino acids on lower esophageal sphincter pressure and serum gastrin in man.","volume":"81","author":"McCallum","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.848","article-title":"Osmolyte and tryptophan receptors controlling gastric emptying in the dog.","volume":"231","author":"Stephens","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib52","first-page":"57","article-title":"Heilung chronifizierter insomnien durch langzeittherapie mit L-tryptophan.","volume":"79","author":"Schneider-Helmert","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib53","first-page":"126","article-title":"Definitive recovery from chronic severe insomnia by long term interval therapy with L-tryptophan.","volume":"12","author":"Schneider-Helmert","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sleep Res."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175180","article-title":"Evaluation of l-tryptophan for treatment of insomnia: a review.","volume":"89","author":"Schneider-Helmert","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.075655","article-title":"Melatonin and reproduction Revisited.","volume":"81","author":"Reiter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.07.041","article-title":"Melatonin: a pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation.","volume":"80","author":"Radogna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1159\/000125600","article-title":"Tryptophan administration inhibits nocturnal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in the rat pineal gland. Evidence that serotonin modulates melatonin production via a receptor-mediated mechanism.","volume":"52","author":"Reiter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90402-B","article-title":"Effect of tryptophan administration on circulating melatonin levels in chicks and rats: Evidence for stimulation of melatonin synthesis and release in the gastrointestinal tract.","volume":"51","author":"Huether","year":"1992","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450802328607","article-title":"Melatonin and melatonergic drugs on sleep: possible mechanisms of action.","volume":"119","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1975.tb01572.x","article-title":"The acute effects of oral (\u2013)-tryptophan in human subjects.","volume":"2","author":"Greenwood","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-1-123","article-title":"Effect of the serotonin precursor tryptophan on pituitary hormone secretion.","volume":"45","author":"Woolf","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780310019001","article-title":"Short-term and repetitive administration of oral tryptophan in normal men: effects on blood tryptophan serotonin and kynurenine concentrations.","volume":"38","author":"Yuwiler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600581","article-title":"A placebo controlled investigation of the effects of tryptophan or placebo on subjective and objective measures of fatigue.","volume":"52","author":"Cunliffe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974163part1455","article-title":"The acute effects of intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan in normal subjects.","volume":"16","author":"Greenwood","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00470585","article-title":"The effect of IV l-tryptophan on prolactin growth hormone and mood in healthy subjects.","volume":"78","author":"Charney","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107381","article-title":"Stimulation of human prolactin secretion by intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan.","volume":"52","author":"MacIndoe","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00652243","article-title":"Hormonal and behavioral effects associated with intravenous l-tryptophan administration.","volume":"88","author":"Winokur","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/38.3.429","article-title":"The influence of oral tyrosine and tryptophan feeding on plasma catecholamines in man.","volume":"38","author":"Benedict","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(74)90008-9","article-title":"Plasma tryptophan tolerance curves in drug free normal controls schizophrenic patients and prisoner volunteers.","volume":"10","author":"Domino","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00219-6","article-title":"The effect of tryptophan on social interaction in everyday life: a placebo-controlled study.","volume":"25","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003293221301","article-title":"Association of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the ingestion of tryptophan.","volume":"322","author":"Hertzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480010085029","article-title":"Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in L-tryptophan-exposed patients.","volume":"267","author":"Kamb","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199308020-00001","article-title":"Tryptophan: current status and future trends for oral administration.","volume":"8","author":"Kaufman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91717-9","article-title":"Clinical follow-up and immunogenetic studies of 32 patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.","volume":"337","author":"Kaufman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.111.157065_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.05.004","article-title":"Meal ingestion, amino acids and brain neurotransmitters: Effects of dietary protein source on serotonin and catecholamine synthesis rates.","volume":"98","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622026001?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622026001?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/142\/12\/2236S\/23949003\/2236s.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:40:17Z","timestamp":1744630817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622026001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622026001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.111.157065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects and Side Effects Associated with the Non-Nutritional Use of Tryptophan by Humans","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.111.157065","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}