{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:55:43Z","timestamp":1792634143291,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3223,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T20:54:49Z","timestamp":1396385689000},"page":"519-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Triple-Fortified Rice Containing Vitamin A Reduced Marginal Vitamin A Deficiency and Increased Vitamin A Liver Stores in School-Aged Thai Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Siwaporn","family":"Pinkaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Wegmuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emorn","family":"Wasantwisut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattanee","family":"Winichagoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Hurrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry A.","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib1","series-title":"Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995\u20132005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency.","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005777","article-title":"Vitamin A: biomarkers of nutrition for development","volume":"94","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib3","article-title":"Sight and life manual on vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD).","author":"McLaren","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib4","series-title":"Appropriate uses of vitamin A tracer (stable isotope) methodology.","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.4.713","article-title":"Vitamin A concentrations in liver determined by isotope dilution assay with tetradeuterated vitamin A and by biopsy in generally healthy adult humans","volume":"49","author":"Furr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.1.67","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin A status by the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique and comparison with hepatic vitamin A concentration in Bangladeshi surgical patients","volume":"66","author":"Haskell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib7","series-title":"Vitamin A Tracer Task Force. Handbook on vitamin A tracer dilution methods to assess status and evaluate intervention program.","author":"Haskell","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1291","article-title":"Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A","volume":"80","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.705","article-title":"Daily consumption of Indian spinach (Basella alba) or sweet potatoes has a positive effect on total-body vitamin A stores in Bangladeshi men","volume":"80","author":"Haskell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.6.1069","article-title":"Green and yellow vegetables can maintain body stores of vitamin A in Chinese children","volume":"70","author":"Tang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041","article-title":"Carotene-rich plant foods ingested with minimal dietary fat enhance the total-body vitamin A pool size in Filipino schoolchildren as assessed by stable-isotope-dilution methodology","volume":"85","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib12","first-page":"24","article-title":"Isotope dilution assessment of vitamin A status","volume":"25","author":"Furr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sight Life Mag."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.11.2844","article-title":"Vitamin A status assessment in rats with C-13(4)-retinyl acetate and gas chromatography\/combustion\/isotope ratio mass spectrometry","volume":"130","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.111922","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of serum C-13-retinol in captive rhesus monkeys provides new insights on hypervitaminosis A","volume":"139","author":"Escaron","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.063867","article-title":"Vitamin A isotope dilution predicts liver stores in line with long-term vitamin A intake above the current Recommended Dietary Allowance for young adult women","volume":"98","author":"Valentine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib16","series-title":"WHO and FAO. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements; 1998 Sept 21\u201330","first-page":"21","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2902S","article-title":"Recommendations for vitamin A supplementation","volume":"132","author":"Ross","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2927S","article-title":"Food fortification to reduce vitamin A deficiency: International Vitamin A Consultative Group recommendations","volume":"132","author":"Dary","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.10.1835","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and clinical disease: an historical overview","volume":"138","author":"Sommer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib20","first-page":"12","article-title":"Commentary: the great vitamin A fiasco","volume":"1","author":"Latham","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Nutr"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1931.01940140003001","article-title":"Effects of deficiency in vitamins in infancy\u2014caries of the teeth vitamins","volume":"42","author":"Bloch","year":"1931","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib22","series-title":"Enrichment of precooked corn flour and wheat flour in Venezuela: a successful experience. Food Fortification to End Micronutrient Malnutrition State of the Art.","first-page":"66","author":"Chavez","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib23","series-title":"The progress of wheat flour fortification with vitamin A in the Philippines. Food Fortification to End Micronutrient Malnutrition State of the Art.","first-page":"66","author":"Solon","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib24","series-title":"The research behind Ultra Rice\u00ae. Seattle,","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib25","series-title":"PATH\u2019s Ultra Rice Project.","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09987.x","article-title":"Development and evaluation of iron-fortified extruded rice grains","volume":"70","author":"Moretti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2012.03091.x","article-title":"Vitamin A stability in triple fortified extruded, artificial rice grains containing iron, zinc and vitamin A","volume":"47","author":"Pinkaew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.4.822","article-title":"Extruded rice fortified with micronized ground ferric pyrophosphate reduces iron deficiency in Indian schoolchildren: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"84","author":"Moretti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.166058","article-title":"Extruded rice grains fortified with zinc, iron, and vitamin A increase zinc status of Thai school children when incorporated into a school lunch program","volume":"143","author":"Pinkaew","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib30","series-title":"Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients.","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.464","article-title":"Synthesis of 10,11,14,15-C-13(4)- and 14,15-C-13(2)-retinyl acetate","volume":"44","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Labelled Comp Radiopharm."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3181\/0806-RM-199","article-title":"13C natural abundance in serum retinol acts as a biomarker for increases in dietary provitamin A","volume":"234","author":"Howe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib33","series-title":"Biochemical methodology for the assessment of vitamin A status","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15099-4","article-title":"Effects of subclinical infection on plasma retinol concentrations and assessment of prevalence of vitamin A deficiency: meta-analysis","volume":"362","author":"Thurnham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.4.704","article-title":"Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin A in humans","volume":"45","author":"Olson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib36","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Serum levels of vitamin A and carotenoids as reflectors of nutritional status","volume":"73","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib37","unstructured":"WHO Growth reference data for 5\u201319 years. 2007 [cited 2011 August 11]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/growthref\/en\/."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1617","article-title":"A multi micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder enhances the hemoglobin, zinc, and iodine status of primary school children in North East Thailand: a randomized controlled trial of efficacy","volume":"136","author":"Winichagoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.90","article-title":"Plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [H-2(4)]retinyl acetate in human subjects with estimated low or high total body stores of vitamin A","volume":"68","author":"Haskell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.413","article-title":"Use of a short-term isotope-dilution method for determining the vitamin A status of children","volume":"76","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.182998_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/27.8.883","article-title":"Plasma and liver concentration of vitamin a in a normal population of urban Thai","volume":"27","author":"Suthutvoravoot","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622008525?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622008525?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/144\/4\/519\/23977214\/519.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T21:48:58Z","timestamp":1686692938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622008525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622008525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.113.182998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Triple-Fortified Rice Containing Vitamin A Reduced Marginal Vitamin A Deficiency and Increased Vitamin A Liver Stores in School-Aged Thai Children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.113.182998","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}