{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:00:14Z","timestamp":1794049214032,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3223,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T20:54:49Z","timestamp":1396385689000},"page":"496-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Vitamin A Deficiency Is Associated with Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Morbidity in School-Age Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Mora-Plazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 6A","key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01058-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections","volume":"112","author":"Monto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.10.986","article-title":"Illness among schoolchildren during influenza season: effect on school absenteeism, parental absenteeism from work, and secondary illness in families","volume":"156","author":"Neuzil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-37-43","article-title":"Respiratory tract infection is the major cause of the ambulatory visits in children","volume":"37","author":"Liao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.5.1090","article-title":"Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency","volume":"40","author":"Sommer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imdad A, Herzer K, Mayo-Wilson E, Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from 6 months to 5 years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;CD008524.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008524.pub2"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1086\/315921","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation: implications for morbidity and mortality in children","volume":"182","author":"Villamor","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib7","series-title":"Clinical management of acute diarrhoea: WHO\/UNICEF joint statement.","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3481","article-title":"Role of zinc administration in prevention of childhood diarrhea and respiratory illnesses: a meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67962-2","article-title":"Effects of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on admission to hospital and mortality in preschool children in a high malaria transmission setting: community-based, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"367","author":"Sazawal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.6.1261","article-title":"Iron supplementation in early childhood: health benefits and risks","volume":"84","author":"Iannotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.3.497","article-title":"Effect of iron-, iodine-, and beta-carotene-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"van Stuijvenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1715","article-title":"A micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder reduces morbidity and improves short-term cognitive function, but has no effect on anthropometric measures in primary school children in northeast Thailand: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Manger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2005.07.011","article-title":"Effect of micronutrient supplementation on health and nutritional status of schoolchildren: growth and morbidity","volume":"22","author":"Sarma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11593","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013000876","article-title":"School snacks decrease morbidity in Kenyan schoolchildren: a cluster randomized, controlled feeding intervention trial","volume":"16","author":"Neumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.178","article-title":"The effect of a 1-year multiple micronutrient or n-3 fatty acid fortified food intervention on morbidity in Indian school children","volume":"66","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.1.0750126","article-title":"Zinc and iron supplementation and malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory infections in children in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"75","author":"Richard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1086\/321875","article-title":"Etiology of gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices in The Netherlands","volume":"33","author":"de Wit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022206","article-title":"Sentinel surveillance of influenza-like-illness in two cities of the tropical country of Ecuador: 2006\u20132010","volume":"6","author":"Douce","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006118","article-title":"Influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance in Peru","volume":"4","author":"Laguna-Torres","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000210602.40267.60","article-title":"The maturing immune system: implications for development and testing HIV-1 vaccines for children and adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Jaspan","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.108662","article-title":"Provision of a school snack is associated with vitamin B-12 status, linear growth, and morbidity in children from Bogota, Colombia","volume":"139","author":"Arsenault","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib22","unstructured":"Office of the Mayor of Bogota Secretary of Education. Estad\u00edsticas del sector educativo de Bogot\u00e1 2005 y avances 2006. (Education sector statistics for Bogota 2005 and advances 2006.) (in Spanish). Bogota, Colombia:Office of the Mayor of Bogota;2006 [cited 2009 Oct 12]. Available from: www.sedbogota.edu.co\/Aplicativos SED\/Centro_Documentacion\/anexos\/publicaciones_2004_2008\/estadisticas_05_avances_2006.pdf."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib23","series-title":"Anthropometric standardization reference manual","author":"Lohman","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211917","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants","volume":"368","author":"Blanken","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis934","article-title":"Epidemiology of multiple respiratory viruses in childcare attendees","volume":"207","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31814847d9","article-title":"Symptom profile of common colds in school-aged children","volume":"27","author":"Pappas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/16.4.595","article-title":"Comparability of results obtained by two-week home maintained diarrhoeal calendar with two-week diarrhoeal recall","volume":"16","author":"Stanton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/18.5.553","article-title":"Validation study of a diary for use in acute lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"18","author":"Watson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fam Pract."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.3.505","article-title":"The use of calendars to measure child illness in health interview surveys","volume":"27","author":"Goldman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib30","first-page":"8","article-title":"Defining episodes of diarrhoea: results from a three-country study in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"24","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2008.50","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentration is inversely associated with erythrocyte folate concentrations in Colombian school-age children, especially among children with low vitamin B12 status","volume":"63","author":"Arsenault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/27.8.1445","article-title":"Direct determination of plasma copper and zinc in infants by atomic absorption with discrete nebulization","volume":"27","author":"Makino","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200203000-00012","article-title":"Clinical presentations of rotavirus infection among hospitalized children","volume":"21","author":"Staat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1086\/341408","article-title":"Natural history of human calicivirus infection: a prospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Rockx","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02831.x","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of norovirus gastroenteritis in outbreaks: a population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Arias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1086\/506352","article-title":"Symptomatic predictors of influenza virus positivity in children during the influenza season","volume":"43","author":"Ohmit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1503.080238","article-title":"Prevalence and seasonality of influenza-like illness in children, Nicaragua, 2005\u20132007","volume":"15","author":"Gordon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e964","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3488","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media","volume":"131","author":"Lieberthal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.04.001","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497","article-title":"Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents","volume":"85","author":"de Onis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.4.1192","article-title":"Development of a spanish-language version of the U. S. household food security survey module","volume":"133","author":"Harrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3182(12)80135-X","article-title":"The community childhood hunger identification project: A model of domestic hunger\u2014demonstration project in Seattle, Washington","volume":"24 Suppl 1","author":"Wehler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib43","first-page":"474","article-title":"Validation of a household food security scale in Antioquia, Colombia (in Spanish)","volume":"48","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2845S","article-title":"Assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency: the Annecy Accords","volume":"132","author":"Sommer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.5.1307","article-title":"Prevalent vitamin B-12 deficiency in twelve-month-old Guatemalan infants is predicted by maternal B-12 deficiency and infant diet","volume":"137","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1649S","article-title":"Assessing micronutrient status in the presence of inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Tomkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib47","series-title":"Analysis of incomplete multivariate data","author":"Schafer","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62125-4","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation every 6 months with retinol in 1 million pre-school children in north India: DEVTA, a cluster-randomised trial","volume":"381","author":"Awasthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92998-X","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in young children in Brazil","volume":"344","author":"Barreto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91879-Q","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Ghana VAST Study Team.","volume":"342","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib51","article-title":"Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age","volume":"CD006090","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.83.3.693","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mexico","volume":"83","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.2.434","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation fails to reduce incidence of acute respiratory illness and diarrhea in preschool-age Indonesian children","volume":"126","author":"Dibley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.160150","article-title":"Structural and functional changes of the duodenum in human norovirus infection","volume":"58","author":"Troeger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.7.1817","article-title":"Vitamin A-deficient rats have only mild changes in jejunal structure and function","volume":"126","author":"Warden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.12.2960","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency has different effects on immunoglobulin A production and transport during influenza A infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"126","author":"Gangopadhyay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00455-8","article-title":"Regulation of mucous differentiation and mucin gene expression in the tracheobronchial epithelium","volume":"160","author":"Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.701","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children","volume":"113","author":"Michelow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.01036.x","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in 1702 hospitalized children in Singapore","volume":"12","author":"Chiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg101","article-title":"Retinoic acids exert direct effects on T cells to suppress Th1 development and enhance Th2 development via retinoic acid receptors","volume":"15","author":"Iwata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2008.08.004","article-title":"Augmentation of antibody responses by retinoic acid and costimulatory molecules","volume":"21","author":"Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15099-4","article-title":"Effects of subclinical infection on plasma retinol concentrations and assessment of prevalence of vitamin A deficiency: meta-analysis","volume":"362","author":"Thurnham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-123","article-title":"Hemoglobin alpha and beta are ubiquitous in the human lung, decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but not in COPD","volume":"11","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6643","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6643","article-title":"Hemoglobin induction in mouse macrophages","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007101085","article-title":"Hemoglobin is expressed by mesangial cells and reduces oxidant stress","volume":"19","author":"Nishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11626","article-title":"Endothelial cell expression of haemoglobin alpha regulates nitric oxide signalling","volume":"491","author":"Straub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.58","article-title":"A case-control study of nutritional factors associated with chronic suppurative otitis media in Yemeni children","volume":"65","author":"Elemraid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15495-0","article-title":"Otitis media","volume":"363","author":"Rovers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.08.021","article-title":"Chronic suppurative otitis media: a review","volume":"70","author":"Verhoeff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.1.234","article-title":"Iron supplementation improves iron status and reduces morbidity in children with or without upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled study in Colombo, Sri Lanka","volume":"77","author":"de Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.5.673","article-title":"The effect of zinc supplementation on parasitic reinfestation of Guatemalan schoolchildren","volume":"57","author":"Grazioso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600359","article-title":"The impact of zinc supplementation on Schistosoma mansoni reinfection rate and intensities: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren","volume":"51","author":"Friis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib73","first-page":"43","article-title":"Folate status and the immune system","volume":"15","author":"Dhur","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Food Nutr Sci."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.144220","article-title":"Poor folate status predicts persistent diarrhea in 6- to 30-month-old north Indian children","volume":"141","author":"Manger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.139","article-title":"Folate, but not vitamin B-12 status, predicts respiratory morbidity in north Indian children","volume":"86","author":"Strand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.7.1391","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 status is associated with socioeconomic level and adherence to an animal food dietary pattern in Colombian school children","volume":"138","author":"Villamor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.3945\/jn.113.185876_bib77","series-title":"Principles of nutritional assessment.","author":"Gibson","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622008495?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622008495?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/144\/4\/496\/23475156\/496.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T06:53:19Z","timestamp":1746168799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622008495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622008495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.113.185876","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin A Deficiency Is Associated with Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Morbidity in School-Age Children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.113.185876","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}