{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:45:14Z","timestamp":1778143514273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Korean Society for Preventive Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI13C0715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI13C0715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpmph.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPMPH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Low bone density (LBD) in the postmenopausal period has long been a pervasive public health concern; however, the association between parity and LBD has yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated the association between parity and LBD in postmenopausal Korean women.Methods: This study used baseline data from 1287 Korean postmenopausal women aged 40 years or older enrolled in the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center community-based cohort study conducted in Korea from 2013 to 2017. The main exposure was parity (nullipara, 1, 2, 3+). The main outcome was LBD, including osteopenia and osteoporosis, based on bone mineral density measured using quantitative computed tomography of the lumbar spine (L1-2).Results: The mean age of participants was 57.1 years, and the median parity was 2. Of the 1287 participants, 594 (46.2%) had osteopenia and 147 (11.4%) had osteoporosis. No significant difference in the prevalence of LBD was found between nullipara and parous women, whereas higher parity was associated with a higher risk of LBD among parous women; the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the presence of LBD was 1.40 (0.97 to 2.02) for a parity of 2 and 1.95 (1.23 to 3.09) for a parity of 3 relative to a parity of 1.Conclusions: Women who have given birth multiple times may be at greater risk of bone loss after menopause; therefore, they should be a major target population for osteoporosis prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T06:05:45Z","timestamp":1624514745000},"page":"284-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3961\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association Between Parity and Low Bone Density Among Postmenopausal Korean 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