{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T05:21:46Z","timestamp":1786771306900,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Korean Society for Preventive Medicine","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004031","name":"Jichi Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpmph.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prev Med Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Infections with hepatitis B, C, and D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV) are a major public health problem and lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-HDV immunoglobulin G, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and dual and triple hepatitis virus infections in Mongolia.Methods: A total of 2313 participants from urban and rural regions were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis virus infections, and the seromarkers were measured using immunoassay kits.Results: Among all participants, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HDV was 15.6%, 36.6%, and 14.3%, respectively. The infection rates were significantly higher in females and participants with a lower education level, rural residence, older age, and a history of blood transfusion. HBV and HCV co-infection was found in 120 (5.2%) participants and HBV, HCV, and HDV triple infection was detected in 67 (2.9%) participants. The prevalence of elevated AFP was 2.7%, 5.5%, and 2.6% higher in participants who were seropositive for HBsAg (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.01), anti-HCV (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.001), and anti-HDV (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.022), respectively. Elevated AFP was more prevalent in participants co-infected with HBV and HCV (5.8%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;=0.023), HBV and HDV (6.0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.001), and triple-infected with HBV, HCV, and HDV (7.5%) than in uninfected individuals.Conclusions: Nearly half (49.8%) of the study population aged \u226540 years were infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, and 22.4% had dual or triple infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T01:54:36Z","timestamp":1653011676000},"page":"263-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3961\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hepatitis B, C, and D Virus Infections and AFP Tumor Marker Prevalence Among the Elderly Population in Mongolia: A Nationwide 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