{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:23:08Z","timestamp":1788171788960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Korean Society for Preventive Medicine","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Agency"},{"name":"Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpmph.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPMPH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Child sexual abuse is the most frequently reported form of violence against children in Indonesia, with reported cases increasing over the past 5 years. This study aimed to identify risk and protective factors associated with sexual abuse among adolescents aged 13\u201317 years in Indonesia.Methods: The analysis used data from the 2024 National Survey of Children\u2019s and Adolescents\u2019 Life Experiences (SNPHAR), including 6811 respondents. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square tests to identify variables associated with sexual abuse. Variables with p-values less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were included in multivariable logistic regression. Odds ratios, adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify risk and protective factors associated with the experience of sexual abuse.Results: Overall, 8.7% of respondents reported experiencing sexual abuse. Protective factors included never having worked (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.99; p&lt;0.05), never having witnessed violence (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.24; p&lt;0.001), and no history of sexual intercourse (aOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.15; p&lt;0.001). Conversely, positive gender attitudes (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.87; p&lt;0.001) and knowledge of child protection services (aOR, 3.85; 95% CI, 3.15 to 4.72; p&lt;0.001) were unexpectedly associated with elevated risk.Conclusions: Violence-free environments and limited exposure to early sexual experiences appear to represent critical protective factors. Counterintuitive associations suggest potential influences of cultural norms, patriarchy, and limited access to services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.25.777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T23:15:46Z","timestamp":1778714146000},"page":"278-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3961\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk and Protective Factors for Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: Cross-sectional Findings From the 2024 National Survey on Child and Adolescent Life Experiences (SNPHAR 2024)"],"prefix":"10.3961","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5718-7163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kinanthi 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