{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:28:16Z","timestamp":1786354096291,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Korean Society for Preventive Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2026-25472531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25472531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00338688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00338688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpmph.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPMPH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Although social network services (SNS) are prevalent globally, the relationship between SNS use and loneliness remains complex, particularly regarding qualitative behavioral patterns. This study examined associations between specific SNS behaviors and loneliness among Seoul adults and explored differences by age and digital literacy.Methods: Data from the 2024 Seoul Survey were analyzed (n=34 142; mean age, 52.3 years). Loneliness was assessed with 2 items measuring isolation in family and non-family relationships. Five SNS behavioral domains were examined: active use, information-seeking use, communication priority, social comparison, and exclusionary feeling. Digital literacy was dichotomized using an 8-item scale, with scores \u22656 considered high. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted associations.Results: Overall SNS use was associated with lower odds of loneliness than non-use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.98). However, higher odds were observed for specific SNS behaviors compared with non-use: active use (aOR, 1.24), communication priority (aOR, 1.26), social comparison (aOR, 1.50), and exclusionary feeling (aOR, 1.66); information-seeking use was not significant (aOR, 1.11). A dose\u2013response pattern peaked at 3 problematic behaviors (aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.65). Associations between SNS behaviors and loneliness were stronger among adults aged \u226560 years and participants with high digital literacy.Conclusions: Although overall SNS use was associated with modestly lower odds of loneliness, qualitative SNS engagement\u2014particularly problematic behaviors\u2014was strongly associated with higher odds. Older adults and participants with high digital literacy appeared particularly vulnerable when performing problematic SNS behaviors, underscoring the need for behavior-focused, population-tailored education and interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.26.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:55:07Z","timestamp":1783986907000},"page":"381-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3961\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Networking Service Usage Behaviors and Loneliness Among Adults in Seoul, Korea: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3961","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6082-2368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kang","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6436-9851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun-Hee","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-0425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baek-Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-7348","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-0093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung-Bok","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4474-3044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seung-Woo","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0912-024X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seok-Yoon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7157-4204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji-Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3927-3774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taehoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2350","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"From loneliness to social connection - charting a path to healthier societies: report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection","year":"2025","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.004","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308790","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"31","type":"book","volume-title":"Toward a social psychology of 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