{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:34:41Z","timestamp":1787898881338,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Econometric Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ECTA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We study the selection of Fellows of the Econometric Society, using a new data set of publications and citations for over 40,000 actively publishing economists since the early 1900s. Conditional on achievement, we document a large negative gap in the probability that women were selected as Fellows in the 1933\u20131979 period. This gap became positive (though not statistically significant) from 1980 to 2010, and in the past decade has become large and highly significant, with over a 100% increase in the probability of selection for female authors relative to males with similar publications and citations. The positive boost affects highly qualified female candidates (in the top 10% of authors) with no effect for the bottom 90%. Using nomination data for the past 30 years, we find a key proximate role for the Society's Nominating Committee in this shift. Since 2012, the Committee has had an explicit mandate to nominate highly qualified women, and its nominees enjoy above\u2010average election success (controlling for achievement). Looking beyond gender, we document similar shifts in the premium for geographic diversity: in the mid\u20102000s, both the Fellows and the Nominating Committee became significantly more likely to nominate and elect candidates from outside the United States. Finally, we examine gender gaps in several other major awards for U.S. economists. We show that the gaps in the probability of selection of new fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences closely parallel those of the Econometric Society, with historically negative \n            <jats:italic>penalties<\/jats:italic> for women turning to positive \n            <jats:italic>premiums<\/jats:italic> in recent years.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/ecta18027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T05:02:42Z","timestamp":1665464562000},"page":"1937-1971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Gender Differences in Peer Recognition by Economists"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Card","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, UC Berkeley"},{"name":"NBER"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"DellaVigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, UC Berkeley"},{"name":"NBER"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagore","family":"Iriberri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Analysis, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ecta200462-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.30.4.221","volume":"30","author":"Bayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"338","key":"ecta200462-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/ecca.12264","volume":"85","author":"Bertrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Economica"},{"issue":"10","key":"ecta200462-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20171829","volume":"109","author":"Bohren","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"ecta200462-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjz035","volume":"135","author":"Card","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Card, David, Stefano DellaVigna, Patricia Funk, and Nagore Iriberri (2022): \u201cSupplement to \u2018Gender Differences in Peer Recognition by Economists\u2019,\u201d Econometrica Supplemental Material, 90, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3982\/ECTA18027.","DOI":"10.3386\/w28942"},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chari, Anusha, and Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham (2017): \u201cGender Representation in Economics Across Topics and Time: Evidence From the NBER Summer Institute,\u201d NBER Working Paper No. 23953.","DOI":"10.3386\/w23953"},{"issue":"4","key":"ecta200462-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.96.4.1283","volume":"96","author":"Donald","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"402","key":"ecta200462-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478612","volume":"83","author":"Efron","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"ecta200462-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1257\/089533006776526085","volume":"20","author":"Einav","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"4","key":"ecta200462-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004132","volume":"129","author":"Ellinas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ecta200462-bib-0011","first-page":"63","volume":"5","author":"Ellison","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2006.05.015","volume":"91","author":"Fryer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ecta200462-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1257\/0895330042162386","volume":"18","author":"Ginther","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"ecta200462-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00406","volume":"71","author":"Hamermesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0015","unstructured":"Hengel, Erin (2018): \u201cPublishing While Female. Are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence From Peer Review,\u201d Working paper."},{"issue":"3","key":"ecta200462-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/obes.12409","volume":"83","author":"Hospido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"282","key":"ecta200462-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4932.2012.00828.x","volume":"88","author":"Kahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Economic Record"},{"issue":"2","key":"ecta200462-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312711435830","volume":"42","author":"Lincoln","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ecta200462-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.107.5.759","volume":"107","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"ecta200462-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scv052","volume":"43","author":"Nielsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ecta200462-bib-0021","first-page":"106","volume":"1","author":"Roos","year":"1933","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"ecta200462-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/030631293023002004","volume":"23","author":"Rossiter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ecta200462-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1086\/711401","volume":"129","author":"Sarsons","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"7","key":"ecta200462-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006004","volume":"91","author":"Silver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0025","first-page":"976","volume":"9","author":"Silver","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0026","unstructured":"Uzzi, Brian (2019): \u201cWomen Are Winning More Scientific Prizes, but Men Still Win the Most Prestigious Ones,\u201d Harvard Business Review February 14, 2019."},{"key":"ecta200462-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20181101","volume":"108","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"AEA Papers and Proceedings"}],"container-title":["Econometrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T16:10:13Z","timestamp":1666800613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.econometricsociety.org\/doi\/10.3982\/ECTA18027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3982\/ECTA18027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3982\/ecta18027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-9682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-9682","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}