{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:27:54Z","timestamp":1790209674009,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Econometric Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ECTA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We develop an optimal policy assignment rule that integrates two distinctive approaches commonly used in economics\u2014targeting by\n                    <jats:italic>observables<\/jats:italic>\n                    and targeting through\n                    <jats:italic>self\u2010selection<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our method can be used with experimental or quasi\u2010experimental data to identify who should be treated, be untreated, and self\u2010select to achieve a policymaker's objective. Applying this method to a randomized controlled trial on a residential energy rebate program, we find that targeting that optimally exploits both observable data and self\u2010selection outperforms conventional targeting. We use the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) framework (Imbens and Angrist (1994)) to investigate the mechanism in our approach. By estimating several key LATEs based on the random variation created by our experiment, we demonstrate how our method allows policymakers to identify whose self\u2010selection would be valuable and harmful to social welfare.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/ecta21180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1770033428000},"page":"225-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Choosing Who Chooses: Selection\u2010Driven Targeting in Energy Rebate Programs"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Takanori","family":"Ida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takunori","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Kyoto University of Advanced 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