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This decomposition is derived from a set of axioms that ensure desirable behavior for the within\u2010 and between\u2010group inequality terms. The decomposition of the Gini coefficient is unique given our axioms, easy to compute, and can be interpreted geometrically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/ecta22145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1770033428000},"page":"169-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Subgroup Decomposition of the Gini Coefficient: A New Solution to an Old Problem"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Vesa-Matti","family":"Heikkuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics Department, OECD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ecta200839-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9904-1948-09016-4","volume":"54","author":"Acz\u00e9l","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society"},{"key":"ecta200839-bib-0002","volume-title":"Lectures on Functional Equations and Their Applications","author":"Acz\u00e9l","year":"1966"},{"issue":"317","key":"ecta200839-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482896","volume":"62","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ecta200839-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2307\/1914138","author":"Bourguignon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"3","key":"ecta200839-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2307\/2297303","volume":"47","author":"Cowell","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Review of Economic Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"ecta200839-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00274.x","volume":"40","author":"Cowell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bulletin of Economic Research"},{"key":"ecta200839-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0056(00)80005-6","volume":"1","author":"Cowell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Handbook of income distribution"},{"issue":"429","key":"ecta200839-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2307\/2235501","volume":"105","author":"Cowell","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"key":"ecta200839-bib-0009","first-page":"2511","volume-title":"Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\u00e9 C, Analyse non lin\u00e9aire","volume":"26","author":"Figalli","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"ecta200839-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/jeth.1999.2565","volume":"91","author":"Foster","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Theory"},{"issue":"3","key":"ecta200839-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1090\/S0273-0979-02-00941-2","volume":"39","author":"Gardner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society"},{"key":"ecta200839-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2307\/1909675","author":"Gastwirth","year":"1971","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ecta200839-bib-0013","volume-title":"The Gini Inequality Index Decomposition. 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