{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T06:50:47Z","timestamp":1759042247647},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"The Econometric Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["QE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We study games with natural\u2010language labels (i.e., strategic problems where options are denoted by words), for which we propose and test a measurable characterization of prominence. We assume that\u2014ceteris paribus\u2014players find particularly prominent those strategies that are denoted by words more frequently used in their everyday language. To operationalize this assumption, we suggest that the prominence of a strategy\u2010label is correlated with its frequency of occurrence in large text corpora, such as the Google Books corpus (\u201cn\u2010gram\u201d frequency). In testing for the strategic use of word frequency, we consider experimental games with different incentive structures (such as incentives<jats:italic>to<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>not to<\/jats:italic>coordinate), as well as subjects from different cultural\/linguistic backgrounds. Our data show that frequently\u2010mentioned labels are more (less) likely to be selected when there are incentives to match (mismatch) others. Furthermore, varying one's knowledge of the others' country of residence significantly affects one's reliance on word frequency. Overall, the data show that individuals play strategies that fulfill our characterization of prominence in a (boundedly) rational manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/qe1212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T13:37:04Z","timestamp":1610372224000},"page":"283-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A notion of prominence for games with natural\u2010language labels"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sontuoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smith Institute for Political Economy and Philosophy, Chapman University"},{"name":"Philosophy, Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"quan200127-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024471506938","volume":"8","author":"Alesina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Growth"},{"issue":"4","key":"quan200127-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.53.4.898","volume":"53","author":"Alesina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"1","key":"quan200127-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2012.12.003","volume":"148","author":"Al\u00f3s-Ferrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Theory"},{"issue":"6","key":"quan200127-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00174.x","volume":"2","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"quan200127-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.7.3561","volume":"102","author":"Arad","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"quan200127-bib-0006","volume-title":"Frontiers of Game Theory","author":"Bacharach","year":"1993"},{"key":"quan200127-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691186313","volume-title":"Beyond Individual Choice: Teams and Frames in Game Theory","author":"Bacharach","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"quan200127-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/game.1997.0546","volume":"19","author":"Bacharach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"quan200127-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1006\/game.2000.0796","volume":"32","author":"Bacharach","year":"2000","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"quan200127-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.128.1.32","volume":"128","author":"Balota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"543","key":"quan200127-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2009.02304.x","volume":"120","author":"Bardsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"quan200127-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2016.10.004","volume":"133","author":"Bardsley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"quan200127-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jeth.2000.2674","volume":"95","author":"Blume","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"quan200127-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2009.07.011","volume":"68","author":"Blume","year":"2010","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"quan200127-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1162\/0033553041502225","volume":"119","author":"Camerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"quan200127-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1006\/game.1999.0771","volume":"32","author":"Casajus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"quan200127-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2013.04.002","volume":"91","author":"Charness","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"key":"quan200127-bib-0018","unstructured":"Charness, G. and A. 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