{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:35:49Z","timestamp":1791941749278,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"The Econometric Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["QE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider inference in models defined by approximate moment conditions. We show that near\u2010optimal confidence intervals (CIs) can be formed by taking a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, and adding and subtracting the standard error times a critical value that takes into account the potential bias from misspecification of the moment conditions. In order to optimize performance under potential misspecification, the weighting matrix for this GMM estimator takes into account this potential bias and, therefore, differs from the one that is optimal under correct specification. To formally show the near\u2010optimality of these CIs, we develop asymptotic efficiency bounds for inference in the locally misspecified GMM setting. These bounds may be of independent interest, due to their implications for the possibility of using moment selection procedures when conducting inference in moment condition models. We apply our methods in an empirical application to automobile demand, and show that adjusting the weighting matrix can shrink the CIs by a factor of 3 or more.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/qe1609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T13:37:04Z","timestamp":1610372224000},"page":"77-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Sensitivity analysis using approximate moment condition models"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Koles\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Princeton University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"quan200120-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA7015","volume":"77","author":"Andrews","year":"2009","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"quan200120-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjx023","volume":"132","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"quan200120-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrews, I., M. 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