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We measure a country's technological progress as patents per capita, R&amp;D intensity, and investment in machinery, equipment, and intellectual property products. While controlling for confounders, such as income growth, mortality, and the gender wage gap, we establish (1) a significant impact of technological progress on education (positive) and fertility (negative); (2) that accelerating technological progress stimulated the fertility transition; and (3) that the baseline results are supported in 2SLS regressions using genetic\u2010distance weighted foreign patent\u2010intensity, compulsory schooling years, and minimum working age as instruments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/qe1751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T12:26:04Z","timestamp":1674131164000},"page":"235-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Testing unified growth theory: Technological progress and the child quantity\u2010quality tradeoff"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Madsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Strulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"quan200253-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.104.11.3701","volume":"104","author":"Aaronson","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"quan200253-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.40.1.7","volume":"40","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"6","key":"quan200253-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20160696","volume":"108","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"quan200253-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/jeea\/jvy022","volume":"17","author":"Aghion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of The European Economic Association"},{"key":"quan200253-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, Martha J. 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