{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:36:49Z","timestamp":1789133809612,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Econometric Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["QE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We develop a nonparametric and ordinal approach for testing pure strategy Nash equilibrium play in games with monotone best responses, such as those with strategic complements\/substitutes. The approach makes minimal assumptions on unobserved heterogeneity, requires no parametric assumptions on payoff functions, and no restriction on equilibrium selection from multiple equilibria. The approach can also be extended in order to make inferences and predictions. Both model\u2010testing and inference can be implemented by a tractable computation procedure based on column generation. To illustrate how our approach works, we include an application to an IO entry game.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3982\/qe2192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T11:10:12Z","timestamp":1737630612000},"page":"235-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An ordinal approach to the empirical analysis of games with monotone best responses"],"prefix":"10.3982","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Lazzati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of California at Santa Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.-H.","family":"Quah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"quan200352-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA14230","volume":"85","author":"Apesteguia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3982\/QE74","volume":"2","author":"Aradillas-Lopez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quantative Economics"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0003","first-page":"870","volume":"36","author":"Beresteanu","year":"2005","journal-title":"RAND Journal of Economics"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0004","unstructured":"Beresteanu, Arie (2007), \u201cNonparametric estimation of regression functions under restrictions on partial derivatives.\u201d http:\/\/www.pitt.edu\/~arie\/PDFs\/shape.pdf."},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2307\/2951571","volume":"60","author":"Berry","year":"1992","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2307\/2298085","volume":"57","author":"Bresnahan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Review of Economic Studies"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvajal, Andres (2004), \u201cTestable restrictions of Nash equilibrium with continuous domains.\u201d Discussion paper series, Royal Holloway College, University of London, 2004\u20132026.","DOI":"10.32468\/be.229"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA14525","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA8405","volume":"81","author":"Chernozhukov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA5368","volume":"77","author":"Ciliberto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdac041","volume":"90","author":"Deb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Review of Economic Studies"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2004.10.007","volume":"64","author":"Dubey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2307\/2118466","volume":"109","author":"Evans","year":"1994","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00397","volume":"96","author":"Hoderlein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2006.00676.x","volume":"74","author":"Honor\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00199-008-0419-8","volume":"43","author":"Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Economic Theory"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA14478","volume":"86","author":"Kitamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3982\/QE399","volume":"7","author":"Kline","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quantative Economics"},{"key":"quan200352-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazzati, Natalia, John K.-H. 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