{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:58:19Z","timestamp":1791583099704,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thejcn.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1745893944000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multiple Sclerosis After the Age of 50 Years: A Comparative Analysis of Late Onset and Adult Onset"],"prefix":"10.3988","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6878-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Soares-dos-Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4341-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4584-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9572-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7484-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7927-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-1395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"18617","reference":[{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30443-5","volume":"18","author":"GBD 2016 Multiple Sclerosis Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12047-9","volume":"271","author":"Habbestad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102816","volume":"50","author":"Naseri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0165846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165846","volume":"11","author":"Alroughani","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2020.0036","volume":"54","author":"Jasek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2023.08.002","volume":"50","author":"Nasiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207617","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1207617","volume":"14","author":"Capasso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518820633","volume":"25","author":"Scalfari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref9","first-page":"11","volume":"4","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Esp Escler Mult"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104506","volume":"70","author":"Moura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241249901","volume":"30","author":"Prosperini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref14","first-page":"S432001","author":"Edwin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Statistical Software Components"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17562864211066751","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211066751","volume":"15","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26843","volume":"95","author":"Knowles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208051","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208051","volume":"102","author":"Mouresan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02971.x","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102815","volume":"50","author":"Ostolaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516634871","volume":"22","author":"Sanai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d6b125","volume":"74","author":"Marrie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref22","first-page":"e24294","volume":"14","author":"Barkhane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10490-0","volume":"268","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516630396","volume":"22","author":"Scalfari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105469","volume":"84","author":"S\u0131vac\u0131","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451912","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/451912","volume":"2015","author":"Shirani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211039112","volume":"28","author":"Butler Pagnotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2020.105650","volume":"146","author":"Tremblay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105845","volume":"90","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0778-x","volume":"255","author":"Kis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.12.011","volume":"17","author":"Qiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.09.009","volume":"370","author":"Huhn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071629","volume":"10","author":"Konen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20170070","volume":"75","author":"Lotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514542363","volume":"21","author":"Calabrese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510377334","volume":"16","author":"Bermel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12152-9","volume":"271","author":"Lorefice","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13745","volume":"25","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000479516","volume":"48","author":"Guillemin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237475.01655.9d","volume":"67","author":"Tremlett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10147","volume":"51","author":"Trojano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S825","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720070020","volume":"21","author":"Liguori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12041-1","volume":"271","author":"Zinganell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.106153","volume":"92","author":"Faustino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.5.742","volume":"58","author":"Bakshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.2.217","volume":"61","author":"Minneboo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001045","volume":"11","author":"Vollmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519856847","volume":"25","author":"Brandstadter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejcn.com\/pdf\/10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejcn.com\/DOIx.php?id=10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejcn.com\/DOIx.php?id=10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T02:40:31Z","timestamp":1745894431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejcn.com\/DOIx.php?id=10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2024.0302","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-6586","2005-5013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-6586","type":"print"},{"value":"2005-5013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-08","name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2025 Korean Neurological Association","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}