{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:39:01Z","timestamp":1792532341690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Near Surface Geophysics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents an approximation to display buried anti\u2010tank landmines with ground\u2010penetrating radar method, including physical data attributes by measuring data in a special military field and determination of soil pollution using mineralogical and chemical features of the soil obtained by confocal Raman spectrometry and polarized energy dispersive X\u2010ray fluorescence, which are petro\u2010graphical methods, before and after bursting the mine. Two\u2010dimensional ground penetrating radar data were acquired on parallel profiles using 800\u2010MHz shielded antenna on unexploded anti\u2010tank landmines buried approximately 10 cm\u201315 cm in depth. After general processing in the time domain, we employed migration, a frequency\u2010wavenumber (F\u2010K) filter, and ground\u2010penetrating radar data attributes with an amplitude envelope, spectral whitening, and first\u2010time derivative to activate anti\u2010tank landmine visualization. Finally, we obtained three\u2010dimensional half bird \u2018s eye view of the processed volume with each separate attribute. We also derived the transparent three dimensional volumes by assigning opacity to the amplitude\u2010colour range. The results showed that the depth slices including attributes and the transparent three\u2010dimensional depth\u2010volumes could clearly image the anti\u2010tank landmine. In addition, migration and F\u2010K filter during special processing were very important in removing data noise. Ground\u2010penetrating radar data atthbutes\u2014particularly amplitude enveloping\u2014 could suppress small phase shifts in the neighbouhng traces of the landmine amplitude anomalies and helped to obtain more complete results showing location and depth in the three\u2010dimensional volume.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results of the analyses of the major oxide elements and heavy metal elements, such as Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> Pb, Zn, As, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni, Sb, and Sn, in the test area revealed that there were almost no major differences before and after blasting the anti\u2010tank landmines. This indicates that one\u2010time bursting of the anti\u2010tank landmines in the field has not polluted the soil in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3997\/1873-0604.2016010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T20:43:51Z","timestamp":1568753031000},"page":"183-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Visualization of buried anti\u2010tank landmines and soil pollution: analyses using ground penetrating radar method with attributes and petrographical methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Selma","family":"Kadio\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geophysical Engineering  Golbasi\u2010Ankara 06830 TURKEY"},{"name":"Ankara University Earth Sciences Application and Research Center (YEBIM)  Tandogan\u2010Ankara 06100 TURKEY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf Kagan","family":"Kadio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Earth Sciences Application and Research Center (YEBIM)  Tandogan\u2010Ankara 06100 TURKEY"},{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering  Tandogan\u2010Ankara 06100 TURKEY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","unstructured":"2007 University of Magdeburg Germany F. Abujarad Ground penetrating radar signal processing for land mine detection"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2007.03374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2098670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Seismic attributes\u2014A promising aid for geologic prediction","volume":"31","author":"Chopra S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"CSEGRecorder"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Identification of minerals and organic materials in Middle Eocene ironstones from the Bahariya Depression in the Western Desert of Egypt by means of micro\u2010Raman spectros copy","volume":"3","author":"Ciobata V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Raman 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