{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:54:30Z","timestamp":1761663270849},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Indoor radio frequency tracking systems are generally quite expensive and can vary in accuracy due to interference, equipment quality or other environmental factors. Due to these limiting factors of the technology, many businesses today find it hard to justify investing in RFID tracking technologies to improve the safety, efficiency and security of their working environments. The aim of this project was to provide a budget RFID tracking system that was capable of tracking a person or object through an indoor environment. To minimize the cost of the RFID tracking system, the components of the system were built from existing electronic equipment and hardware. The software was also written to minimize licensing and support fees allowing a cost effective budget RFID tracking system to be developed. The tracking system consists of a tag, reader nodes and a PC reader which utilize synapse RF 100 engines with python scripts embedded on to the chips. The tracking system software operates through a web portal utilizing web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript and PHP to allow the tags location to be represented on a two dimensional map using scalable vector graphics. During development of the system a new trilateration algorithm was developed and used convert the signals received from the tag to a virtual position on the map correlating to the actual physical position of the tag. A unique contribution of this system is the low cost of building which we estimate as less than \u00a3200 UK sterling for a five node system.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijaci.2014010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T14:39:17Z","timestamp":1403015957000},"page":"45-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Active Low Cost Mesh Networking Indoor Tracking System"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sean","family":"Carlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Derry, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Derry, Ireland"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-0","unstructured":"Barahim, M., Doomun, M., & Joomun, N. (2007). Low-cost bluetooth mobile positioning for location-based application."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-1","author":"H.Bhatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"RFID essentials"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caffery, J., & Gordon, L. (1998). Senior member, subscriber location in CDMA cellular networks. IEEE Transactions On Vechicular Technology, 47(2).","DOI":"10.1109\/25.669079"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, E., Baciu, G., & Mak, S. (2009). Using Wi-Fi signal strength to localize in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing.","DOI":"10.1109\/CMC.2009.233"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-4","author":"O.Charlebois","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radio frequency identification (RFID): Principles and applications, electromagnetic fields and waves ECSE"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., & Luo, R. (2007). Design and implementation of a WiFi-based local locating system.","DOI":"10.1109\/PORTABLE.2007.49"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.392"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17489725.2011.562927"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dissanayake, S., Karunasekara, P., Lakmanaarachchi, D., Rathnayaka, A., & Samarasinghe, A. (2008). Zigbee wireless vehicular identification and authentication system.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIAFS.2008.4783998"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-9","author":"M.Farragher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Practical use of RFID"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-10","unstructured":"Figueiras, J., Schwefel, H., & Kovacs, I. (2005). Accuracy and timing aspects of location information based on signal-strength measurements in Bluetooth."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-11","author":"K. V.Garg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wireless communications and networking"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hellebrandt, M., & Mathar, R. (1999). Location tracking of mobiles in cellular radio networks. The Institution of Electrical Engineers.","DOI":"10.1109\/25.790530"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-13","unstructured":"Ilie-Zudori, E., Kemeny, Z., Egri, P., & Monostori, L. (2006). The RFID technology and its current applications. In Proceedings of the Modern Information Technology in the Innovation Processes of the Industrial Enterprises (MITIP 2006) (pp. 29-36). ISBN 963 86586 5 7."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-14","unstructured":"Intermec. (2003). The write stuff: Understanding the value of read\/write RFID functionality. Intermec White paper."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jami, I., Ali, M., & Ormondroyd, R. F (1999), Comparison of methods of locating and tracking cellular mobiles. The Institution of Electrical Engineers.","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:19990238"},{"issue":"1","key":"ijaci.2014010104-16","first-page":"1793","article-title":"RFID technology principles, advantages, limitations & its applications.","volume":"3","author":"M.Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-17","unstructured":"Kay, R. (2009). QuickStudy: Mesh networks. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/s\/article\/341095\/Mesh_Networks"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, D., Me Loone, S., & Dishongh, T. (2008). Experimental evaluation of a single access point bluetooth localisation system.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20080672"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-19","unstructured":"Kenneth, C., Cheung, S., Intille, S., & Larson, K. (2008). An inexpensive bluetooth-based indoor positioning hack."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-20","author":"Y.Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antenna circuit design for RFID applications"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-21","unstructured":"Lieshout, M., et al. (2007). RFID technologies: Emerging issues, challenges and policy options (pp. 32\u201333). European Commission Joint Research Centre (EUROPA)."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-22","author":"B.Mark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Robust mobility tracking for cellular networks. OECD - Organisation for economic co-operation and development. (2008)"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oman, H. (1995). Global positioning system, opportunities and problems. Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting.","DOI":"10.1109\/62.400979"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-24","author":"A.Popat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Real time location systems"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-25","unstructured":"Shi, S., Peng, J., Lin, J., & Ma, D. (2009). WORM, write-once read-many-times memory based on a single layer of Pentacene."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-26","unstructured":"Srivastava, N. (2006). RFID introduction, present and future applications and security implications. George Mason University, Scholarly Paper."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-27","unstructured":"Tektronix. (2004). Radio frequency identification (RFID overview). Tektronix Technical Brief."},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinstein, R. (2005). RFID: A technical overview and its application to the enterprise (pp. 27\u201328).","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2005.69"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-29","author":"A. S.Weis","year":"2008","journal-title":"RFID (radio frequency identification): Principles and applications"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright, M., Stallings, D., & Pu, D. (2003). The effectiveness of global positioning system electronic navigation. In Proceedings IEEE South East Con.","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2003.1268431"},{"key":"ijaci.2014010104-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Q., Gibbons, T., & Lebrun, H. (2009). RFID technology, security vulnerabilities, and countermeasures, defence research and development Canada. Ottawa 2Canadian Operational Support Command Canada, Intech.","DOI":"10.5772\/6668"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=109628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T21:00:39Z","timestamp":1654117239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/ijaci.2014010104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijaci.2014010104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-6237","1941-6245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-6237","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-6245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}}}