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Further, the upper layer represents the combination of these atomic expressions such as smile, fear, etc. Six basic facial expressions are recognized, i.e. anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise. Experimental results show that the proposed system performs better than normal HMM and has an overall accuracy of 85% using the JAFFE database.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijaec.2018070102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]],"date-time":"2018-07-06T07:44:52Z","timestamp":1530863092000},"page":"12-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Efficient and Robust Technique for Facial Expression Recognition Using Modified Hidden Markov Model"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mayur","family":"Rahul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AKTU, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpa","family":"Mamoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Applications, UIET, CSJMU, Kanpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, HBTU, Kanpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashi","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IT, UIET, CSJMU, Kanpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJAEC.2018070102-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2005.863510"},{"key":"IJAEC.2018070102-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2000.860252"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"IJAEC.2018070102-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00081-X","article-title":"Facial expression recognition from video sequences: Temporal and static modeling.","volume":"91","author":"I.Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"IJAEC.2018070102-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dailey, M. 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