{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:13:43Z","timestamp":1781104423605,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the role of geography in shaping the average bank office size in Illinois banking. \u201cGeography\u201d here refers to a host of socioeconomic, demographic, and local community characteristics at the bank market level. The study finds that larger bank markets, higher levels of market concentration, higher percentages of whites within the total population, and less physical fragmentation within a geographical bank market contribute to larger average bank office sizes. The use of technology, represented by higher percentages of physical capital and premises in the total assets, is found to reduce the bank office size. This tendency is further reinforced by a lack of economies of scale at the bank office level. At the same time, the study finds that the greater adoption of internet banking is associated with larger bank offices. These findings provide indirect evidence that market structure has an impact on the adoption of alternative banking technologies. A study of bank office size has practical implications in providing insights into the future branch strategy, as well as the inadequate nature of measures of market power currently used in antitrust regulation.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijagr.2014010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T15:52:03Z","timestamp":1399564323000},"page":"38-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does Geography Matter?"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-0","unstructured":"ABA Banking Journal. (2011). ABA survey: Popularity of online banking explodes. Retrieved May 10, 2012 from http:\/\/www.ababj.com\/tech-topics-plus\/aba-survey-popularity-of-online-banking-explodes-2293.html"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-1","unstructured":"Adams, J. (2012). The shrinking bank branch. American Banker, April 7."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-2","unstructured":"Allen, J., Clark, R., & Houde, J.-F. (2008). Market structure and diffusion of e-commerce: Evidence from the retail banking industry (Working Paper: 2008-32). Bank of Canada. Retrieved May 14, 2012 from http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/53869\/1\/584969295.pdf"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-3","first-page":"454","article-title":"Discrete space autoregressive models","author":"L.Anselin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environmental modeling with GIS"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4266(98)00094-6"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-5","unstructured":"Barr, C. (2010). Whitney sees 5000 bank branches closing. CNN Money. Retrieved May 17, 2012 from http:\/\/finance.fortune.cnn.com\/2010\/11\/23\/whitney-sees-5000-bank-branches-closing\/"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1991654"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00115320"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-8","author":"B. J. L.Berry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Market centers and retail location: Theory and applications"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-9","unstructured":"Bills, S. (2009). Human interaction at a branch: Now on a screen. American Banker, November 17."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-10","author":"R. D.Blair","year":"1985","journal-title":"Antitrust economics"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-11","first-page":"2","article-title":"Geographic patterns of mortgage lending in Boston, 1982-1987.","volume":"4","author":"K. L.Bradbury","year":"1989","journal-title":"New England Economic Review"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brevoort, K. P., & Wolken, J. D. (2008). Does distance matter in banking? (Working Paper 2008-34). Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System.","DOI":"10.17016\/FEDS.2008.34"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511528569"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-14","first-page":"859","article-title":"Home mortgage disclosure act: Expanded data on residential lending.","volume":"77","author":"G. B.Canner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Federal Reserve Bulletin"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-15","author":"E. H.Chamberlin","year":"1965","journal-title":"The theory of monopolistic competition"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-16","unstructured":"Chang, Y. T. (2006). Dynamic internet banking adoption. (Working Paper: 06-3). University of East Anglia Center for Competition Policy. Retrieved May 14, 2012 from http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=911602"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-17","author":"A. D.Cliff","year":"1973","journal-title":"Spatial autocorrelation"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-18","unstructured":"Contributor. (2009). The branch expansion\/remote deposit capture paradox. Retrieved August 10, 2009, from http:\/\/www.banktech.com\/blog\/archives\/2009\/04\/the_branch_expa.html#undefined"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-19","unstructured":"Das, A., Ray, S. C., & Nag, A. (2005). Labor-use efficiency in Indian banking: A branch level analysis (Working Paper Series: 2005-4). University of Connecticut Economics Department."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dick, A. A. (2003). Nationwide branching and its impacts on market structure, quality, and bank performance (Working Paper 2003\/35). Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System.","DOI":"10.17016\/FEDS.2003.35"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-21","year":"2007","journal-title":"The future role of the \u201cbank store\u201d and its interconnectivity with other channels (A report of the EFMA Banking Advisory Council in partnership with Microsoft)"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-22","unstructured":"Federal Reserve System. (2012). Survey of terms of business lending. Retrieved May 20, 2012 from http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/e2\/current\/"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb010838"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-24","author":"A.Gart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Regulation, deregulation, reregulation"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-25","unstructured":"Ghaziri, H. (1997). Information technology in the banking sector: Opportunities, threats, and strategies. Retrieved May 18, 2012 from http:\/\/ddc.aub.edu.lb\/projects\/business\/it-banking.html"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-26","author":"M. L.Greenhut","year":"1975","journal-title":"Theory of spatial pricing and market areas"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-27","author":"D. A.Griffith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spatial autocorrelation: A primer"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-28","first-page":"45","article-title":"Branch banking and bank structure: Some evidence from Alabama.","volume":"10","author":"J. M.Guttentag","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Bank Research"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-29","author":"J. F.Hair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Multivariate data analysis"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, B. H., & McManus, B. (2005). Technology diffusion and market structure: Evidence from infertility treatment markets (Working Paper). Olin School of Business. Washington University.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.813826"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannan, T. H., & Hanweck, G. A. (2007). Recent trends in the number and size of bank branches: An examination of likely determinants (Working Paper 2008-02). Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System.","DOI":"10.17016\/FEDS.2008.02"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2555441"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2007.01.020"},{"issue":"8","key":"ijagr.2014010103-34","first-page":"1","article-title":"The evolution of the U.S. bank branch networks: Growth, consolidation, and strategy.","volume":"10","author":"B.Hirtle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Issues in Economics and Finance"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1994.tb04421.x"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnlecg\/lbh018"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7187(00)00064-3"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-38","unstructured":"Kolakowski, M. (2012). Trends in branch banking: Implications for bank employments. About.com. Retrieved May 18, 2012 from http:\/\/financecareers.about.com\/od\/banker\/a\/Trends-In-Branch-Banking.htm."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-39","unstructured":"Lariviere, M. (2012). Banking when the teller is in a different town. Operation Room. Retrieved May 18, 2012 from http:\/\/operationsroom.wordpress.com\/2012\/05\/17\/banking-when-the-teller-is-in-a-different-town\/"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-40","author":"P.Lloyd","year":"1977","journal-title":"Location in space: theoretical perspectives in economic geography"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1991625"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-42","first-page":"167","article-title":"Financial services used by small businesses: Evidence from 2003 survey of small business finances.","volume":"92","author":"T. L.Mach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Federal Reserve Bulletin"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-43","author":"E.Mansfield","year":"1968","journal-title":"Industrial research and technological innovation"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-44","unstructured":"McCall, A. S. (1980). The impact of bank structure on bank service to local communities. Journal of Bank Research, 101-109."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-45","unstructured":"Miller, J. M. (2011). Face-to-face still trump technology. BankDirect.Com. Retrieved May 15, 2012, from http:\/\/www.bankdirector.com\/index.php\/board-issues\/retail\/face-to-face-still-trumps-technology\/"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-46","unstructured":"Munnell, A. H., Browne, L. E., & McEneraney, J. (1992). Mortgage lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA data (Working Paper: No. 92-7). Federal Reserve Bank of Boston."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-47","unstructured":"Nam, S., & Ellinger, P. N. (2008). Branch expansion of commercial banks in rural America. In Proceedings of the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4266(85)90016-0"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-49","unstructured":"Orlow, D. K., Radecki, L. J., & Wenninger, J. (1996). Ongoing restructuring of retail banking (Research Paper No. 9634). Federal Reserve Bank of New York."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-50","unstructured":"Raab, M. (2009). Next generation bank branches start taking shape (and size). American Banker, November 4."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-51","unstructured":"Rice, T., & Davis, E. (2007). The branch banking boom in Illinois: A byproduct of restrictive branching laws. Chicago Fed Letter (May)."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2553550"},{"issue":"12","key":"ijagr.2014010103-53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are banks still important for financing large businesses?","volume":"5","author":"M. R.Saidenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Current Issues in Economics and Finance"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-54","unstructured":"Schuh, S., & Stavins, J. (2008). How consumers pay: Adoption and use of payments (Working Paper No. 12-2). Federal Reserve Bank of Boston."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-55","unstructured":"Sisk, M. (2009). The future of bank branch. American Banker, July 1."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-56","unstructured":"Spieker, R. (2004). Bank branch growth has been steady: Will it continue? In Future of Banking FDIC. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http:\/\/www.fdic.gov\/bank\/analytical\/future\/"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-57","unstructured":"Wall Street Journal. (2003). Bank of America bets on customer. October 28."},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-58","unstructured":"White Paper. (2011). The branch bank of the future. Hughes Networks Systems. Retrieved May 16, 2012, from http:\/\/www.hughes.com\/HNS%20Library%20Presentations%20and%20White%20Papers\/BranchBank_H46930_HR.pdf"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-59","unstructured":"Wilchins, D., & Rauch, J. (2012). BofA cuts foretell a downturn in branch banking. Fox Business. September 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2012, from http:\/\/novantas.com\/news_article.php?id=339"},{"issue":"2","key":"ijagr.2014010103-60","first-page":"421","article-title":"Branch office economies of scale and scope: Evidence from savings banks in Finland.","volume":"18","author":"A.Zardkoohi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Banking & Finance"},{"key":"ijagr.2014010103-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jagr.2010030903"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=106921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T20:42:53Z","timestamp":1654116173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/ijagr.2014010103"}},"subtitle":["A Study of Determinants of Bank Office Size in Illinois"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijagr.2014010103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-9654","1947-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-9654","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}}}