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In this paper, the authors present various cognitive and environmental factors that not only contribute to this process, but also interact with each other to a certain degree, leading to a variable exposure time requirement in order for the process of spatial knowledge acquisition (SKA) to occur. The cognitive factors that the authors discuss include a variety of individual user differences such as: knowledge and experience; cognitive gender differences; aptitude and spatial orientation skill; and finally, cognitive styles. Environmental factors discussed include: Size, Spatial layout complexity and landmark distribution. It may seem obvious that since every individual's brain is unique - not only through experience, but also through genetic predisposition that a one size fits all approach to training would be illogical. Furthermore, considering that various cognitive differences may further emerge when a certain stimulus is present (e.g. complex environmental space), it would make even more sense to understand how these factors can impact spatial memory, and to try to adapt the training session by providing visual\/auditory cues as well as by changing the exposure time requirements for each individual. The impact of this research domain is important to VE training in general, however within service and military domains, guaranteeing appropriate spatial training is critical in order to ensure that disorientation does not occur in a life or death scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijalr.2014010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T09:41:34Z","timestamp":1395394894000},"page":"43-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cognitive and Environmental Factors Influencing the Process of Spatial Knowledge Acquisition within Virtual Reality Environments"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Markos","family":"Kyritsis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Gulliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading, Reading, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Morar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijalr.2014010104-0","author":"G. 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