{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:56:34Z","timestamp":1776142594393,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Failure in the training market may result from credit constraints and the inability to insure against labor income uncertainty, deterring potential trainees, or labor market imperfections that create external benefits for Indian industries. This paper constructs a model of a training market affected by both problems, and examines the rationale for training levy schemes, intended to make Indian industries increase investment in training. It is shown that regulating Indian industries, or equivalently financing a subsidy through taxation of profits, can achieve a Pareto improvement irrespective of the cause of under-investment. However, when the levy is assessed as a proportion of wages the effect is to address capital market imperfections only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijavet.2016010101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T19:45:16Z","timestamp":1464291916000},"page":"1-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vocational Education and Training in India"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nalanda International Engineering Services, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2432","container-title":["International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=153937","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T19:54:20Z","timestamp":1640202860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJAVET.2016010101"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijavet.2016010101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-8607","1947-878X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-8607","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-878X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}