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The study also aimed to investigate the distinction between addiction specificity and co-occurrence in smartphone addiction via qualitative data and discover why people continue to use smartphones in banned areas. A self-selected sample of 256 smartphone users (Mean age = 29.2, SD = 9.49) completed an online survey. The results revealed that 13.3% of the sample was classified as addicted to smartphones. Higher narcissism scores and neuroticism levels were linked to addiction. Three themes of social relations, smartphone dependence and self-serving personalities emerged from the qualitative data. Interpretation of qualitative data supports addiction specificity of the smartphone. It is suggested smartphones encourage narcissism, even in non-narcissistic users. In turn, this increased use in banned areas. Future research needs to gather more in-depth qualitative data, addiction scale comparisons and comparison of use with and without SNS access. It is advised that prospective buyers of smartphones be pre-warned of the potential addictive properties of new technology.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijcbpl.2015010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T18:47:41Z","timestamp":1423248461000},"page":"17-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Smartphone Use, Addiction, Narcissism, and Personality"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Pearson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Derby, Derby, UK"}]},{"given":"Zaheer","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, University of Derby, Derby, UK"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijcbpl.2015010102-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319403"},{"key":"ijcbpl.2015010102-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.4.772"},{"key":"ijcbpl.2015010102-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2008.07.002"},{"key":"ijcbpl.2015010102-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-011-0234-z"},{"key":"ijcbpl.2015010102-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-010-0342-4"},{"key":"ijcbpl.2015010102-5","unstructured":"Benfield, J. 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