{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T04:10:01Z","timestamp":1747714201793,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Many of the systems that control the critical infrastructure were not originally designed with security in mind. This has left us vulnerable to unwanted attacks in many of the environments. It has become essential that the authors determine if their infrastructures are better prepared for existing and future threats. In this study, the authors will examine the impact of attacks, including terrorist attacks on critical infrastructures, in particular, the Energy sector. The results show that in spite of the warnings of the threats carried out in various sectors and organizations around the world, they have still remain extremely vulnerable because of a number of critical security issues that hamper their ability to better serve and protect our vital information assets. The authors examine some of the most prominent models being used today and how they may be modified to better serve the needs of their user communities and key stakeholders.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijcwt.2014070102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T20:11:31Z","timestamp":1424981491000},"page":"11-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cyber Readiness"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"John S.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Mark","family":"McGibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Everetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijcwt.2014070102-0","unstructured":"A nation or area near or contiguous to the combat area which by tacit agreement between the warring powers is exempt from attack and therefore combatant powers. Joint Chiefs of Staff, the U, S. (1987). (p. 317). New York: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms."},{"journal-title":"Cyber Attacks","year":"2011","author":"E. G.Amoroso","key":"ijcwt.2014070102-1"},{"key":"ijcwt.2014070102-2","first-page":"69","author":"R. 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Retrieved from Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7: Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization, and Protection: http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/homeland-security-presidential-directive-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"ijcwt.2014070102-17","first-page":"415","article-title":"Mitigative Counterstriking Self Defense and Deterrence in Cyberspace.","volume":"25","author":"C. H.Kesan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harvard Journal of Law & Technology"},{"key":"ijcwt.2014070102-18","unstructured":"Kramer, F. D. (2012). Achieving international cyber stability. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 121-138."},{"journal-title":"Cyber-Maturity as Measured by Scientific Risk-based Metrics","year":"2014","author":"L. a.Watkins","key":"ijcwt.2014070102-19"},{"key":"ijcwt.2014070102-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471789542"},{"key":"ijcwt.2014070102-21","article-title":"Models of Escalation and De-escalation in Cyber Conflict.","author":"J. 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