{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:46:29Z","timestamp":1781109989480,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The analysis of learning behaviors from the log data of digital textbooks is beneficial for improving education systems. The focus of discussion in any analysis of learning behaviors is often on discovering the relationships between learning behavior and learning performance. However, little attention has been paid to investigating and analyzing learning patterns or rules among learning style of index (LSI), cognitive style of index (CSI), and the logs of digital textbooks. In this study, the authors proposed a method to analyze learning patterns or rules of reading digital textbooks. The analysis method used association analysis with the Apriori algorithm. The analysis was conducted using logs of digital textbooks and questionnaires to investigate students' learning and cognitive styles. From the detected meaningful association rules, this study found three student types: poorly motivated, efficient, and diligent. The authors believe that consideration of these student types can contribute to the improvement of learning and teaching<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijdet.2019010101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1540975485000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Analyzing Learning Patterns Based on Log Data from Digital Textbooks"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kousuke","family":"Mouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Uosaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjiu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe University, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1996.tb00801.x"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3305-7_4","article-title":"Educational data mining and learning analytics","author":"R. S.Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Learning analytics"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-2","first-page":"504","article-title":"Association analysis for an online education system.","author":"M.Behrouz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE international conference on Information Reuse and Integration"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-3","unstructured":"Felder, R. M., & Soloman, B. A. (2001). Learning styles and strategies. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.engr.ncsu.edu\/learningstyles\/ilsweb.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"IJDET.2019010101-4","first-page":"42","article-title":"Translating learning into numbers: A generic framework for learning analytics.","volume":"15","author":"W.Greller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-014-0023-9"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-6","first-page":"195","article-title":"Literacy and assistive technology for children with special needs.","volume":"7-8","author":"O. E.Hezroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Script"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2017.1287338"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.11.010"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-9","author":"R.Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"The rise of e-reading"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJDET.2016070101"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2723576.2723598"},{"issue":"10","key":"IJDET.2019010101-12","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Context-aware and personalization method based on ubiquitous learning analytics.","volume":"22","author":"K.Mouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouri, K., Okubo, F., Shimada, A., & Ogata, H. (2016). Bayesian network for predicting students\u2019 final grade using e-book logs in university education. In 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) (pp. 85-89). Texas, TX: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2016.27"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IIAI-AAI.2017.59"},{"issue":"2","key":"IJDET.2019010101-15","first-page":"85","article-title":"Ubiquitous learning project using life-logging technology in Japan.","volume":"17","author":"H.Ogata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-16","unstructured":"Package arule. (2017). Mining Association Rules and Frequent Itemsets. Retrieved from https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/arules\/arules.pdf"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-17","first-page":"626","article-title":"Me and my hypertext: A multiple digression analysis of technology and literacy (sic).","volume":"50","author":"D.Reinking","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Reading Teacher"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.11.022"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009862830803500102"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2017.2682086"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-21","author":"I.Snyder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Silicon literacies: Communication, innovation and education in the electronic age"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-22","unstructured":"Yin, C., Okubo, F., Shimada, A., Kentaro, K., Yamada, M., Ogata, H., & Fujimura, N. (2014). Smart phone based data collecting system for analyzing learning behaviors. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Computers on Education, Nov. 30 - Dec. 4 (pp. 575-577). Nara, Japan: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education."},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-23","unstructured":"Yin, C., Okubo, F., Shimada, A., Oi, M., Hirokawa, S., Yamada, M., . . . Ogata, H. (2015). Analyzing the features of learning behaviors of students using e-books. In Doctoral Student Consortium (DSC) -Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computers in Education, ICCE 2015 (pp. 617-626). Hangzhou, China: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education."},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jdet.2013010103"},{"issue":"3","key":"IJDET.2019010101-25","first-page":"286","article-title":"Learning by searching: A learning approach that provides searching and analysis facilities to support research trend surveys.","volume":"16","author":"C. J.Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"IJDET.2019010101-26","unstructured":"Yin, C. J., Uosaki, N., Chu, H. C., Hwang, G. J., Hwang, J. J., Hatono, I., . . . Tabata, Y. (2017). Learning behavioral pattern analysis based on students\u2019 logs in reading digital books. In W. Chen et al. (Eds), Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 549-557). Christchurch, New Zealand: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distance Education Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=217491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T05:49:39Z","timestamp":1651816179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJDET.2019010101"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijdet.2019010101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-3100","1539-3119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1539-3100","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-3119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}