{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:38:20Z","timestamp":1760783900525},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Distributed consensus is one of the most important building blocks for distributed systems. Fast Paxos is one of the latest variants of the Paxos algorithm for distributed consensus. Fast Paxos allows an acceptor to cast a vote for a value of its choice unilaterally in a fast round, thereby eliminating a communication step for reaching consensus. As a tradeoff, the coordinator must build a quorum that is bigger than the simple majority used in Classic Paxos. This article presents the theory, implementation, and a comprehensive performance evaluation of the Fast Paxos algorithm. The theory is described in an easier-to-understand way compared with the original article by Lamport. In particular, an easy-to-implement value selection rule for the coordinator is derived. In the implementation of Fast Paxos for state-machine replication, a number of additional mechanisms are developed to cope with practical scenarios. Furthermore, the experiments reveal that Fast Paxos is most appropriate for use in a single-client configuration. The presence of two or more concurrent clients even in a local area network would incur frequent collisions, which would reduce the system throughput and increase the mean response time as experienced by clients. Due to frequent collisions, Fast Paxos actually performs worse than Classic Paxos in the presence of moderate to large number of concurrent clients.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijdst.2015010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T14:25:29Z","timestamp":1419258329000},"page":"15-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fast Paxos Made Easy"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wenbing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-0","unstructured":"Altinbuken, D., & Sirer, E. G. (2012). Commodifying replicated state machines with OpenReplica. 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USENIX."},{"issue":"4","key":"ijdst.2015010102-9","first-page":"18","article-title":"Paxos made simple.","volume":"32","author":"L.Lamport","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM Sigact News"},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00446-006-0005-x"},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2004.1311900"},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-12","unstructured":"Mao, Y., Junqueira, F. P., & Marzullo, K. (2008, December). Mencius: Building efficient replicated state machines for WANs. In Proceedings of OSDI (Vol. 8, pp. 369-384). OSDI."},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meling, H., & Jehl, L. (2013). Tutorial summary: Paxos explained from scratch. In Proceedings of OPODIS (LNCS), (vol. 8304, pp. 1-10). 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The performance of Paxos and Fast Paxos. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.1358."},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI.2007.18"},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jeco.2010100101"},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118912744"},{"key":"ijdst.2015010102-20","first-page":"67","article-title":"Fault tolerance middleware for cloud computing.","author":"W.Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"ijdst.2015010102-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3233\/WIA-2009-0167","article-title":"A lightweight fault tolerance framework for web services.","volume":"7","author":"W.Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Web Intelligence and Agent Systems"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=120458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T18:53:54Z","timestamp":1654109634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/ijdst.2015010102"}},"subtitle":["Theory and Implementation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijdst.2015010102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-3532","1947-3540"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-3532","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-3540","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}