{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:46:08Z","timestamp":1781109968655,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes how in developing countries, the work on regulatory aspects of telemedicine systems and applications is still in infancy. During our literature review and on-site research in Sub-Saharan Africa, we could not point out any work on measuring the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE or QoX) provided by the telemedicine systems, thus making it impossible to measure the overall level of system user satisfaction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative study to measure network QoS performance and end-user QoE perception of telemedicine systems using publicly accessible conversation tool Skype in Mali and Senegal. The results show that about 75% of the users were satisfied with the quality of teleconsultation service provided and 60% of the users have good impression on the network performance. Based on obtained results, we propose KPIs such as global QoS for measuring QoS and propose a mathematical formula to predict the corresponding QoE, since there exists a relationship between QoS and QoE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijehmc.2018070104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T09:18:09Z","timestamp":1523870289000},"page":"62-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Telemedicine Systems User Satisfaction in Developing Countries"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Thierry","family":"Edoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravin Amrut","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips India Ltd., Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Dooguy","family":"Kora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Superieure Multinationale de Telecommunications, Dakar Libert\u00e9, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acharya, A. S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: Why and How of it?Journal of Medical Specialties, 4(2), 330\u2013333.","DOI":"10.7713\/ijms.2013.0032"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-1","unstructured":"American Telemedicine Association. (2006) Telemedicine, telehealth, and health information technology. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/goe\/policies\/countries\/usa_support_tele.pdf"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-2","article-title":"Telemedicine in Western Africa (RAFT project).","author":"C. O.Bagayoko","journal-title":"Geneva University Hospitals"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavaro-M\u00e9nard, C., Lu, Z. G., & Le Callet, P. (2013). QoE for telemedicine: challenges and trends. In Applications of Digital Image Processing.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2027293"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2012.0215"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chimento, P., & Ishac, J. (2008) Defining network capacity. Retrieved from https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/rfc5136\/","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc5136"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-6","unstructured":"Diarra, B. (2007). Bilan d\u2019activit\u00e9 du projet de t\u00e9l\u00e9 radiologie IKON [th\u00e8se de m\u00e9decine]."},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1823844.1823853"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-8","unstructured":"European Space Agency. (2011, September). Satellite-Enhance Telemedicine and eHealth for sub-Saharan Africa (eHSA)."},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-9","first-page":"249)","article-title":"Telemedicine in Western Africa: lessons learned from a pilot project in Mali, perspectives, and recommendations.","author":"A.Geissbuhler","year":"2003","journal-title":"AMIA Annual Symposium"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28537-0_17","article-title":"Speed measurements of residential internet access","author":"O.Goga","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-13-22"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20786204.2008.10873698"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s141018009"},{"issue":"1","key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-14","first-page":"33","article-title":"The practice of telemedicine and challenges to the regulatory authorities.","volume":"3","author":"M.Kekune","year":"2010","journal-title":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-15","unstructured":"Latham, B. (2007). Sampling: What is it?"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.944346"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.10.006"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-18","unstructured":"Martin, J. (2015). Evaluating net-score as a measurement platform for broadband access performance [Senior Honors Thesis]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. ."},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-19","unstructured":"Pingtest. (n.d.). Retrieved Oct. 2015 from http:\/\/www.pingtest.net\/"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-20","author":"M.Rausand","year":"2004","journal-title":"System reliability theory: models, statistical methods, and applications"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, I. U., & Philip, N. Y. (2015, September). M-QoE driven context, content and network aware medical video streaming based on fuzzy logic system over 4G and beyond small cells. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer as a Tool (EUROCON \u201915). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/EUROCON.2015.7313789"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078450"},{"issue":"7","key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-23","first-page":"169","article-title":"A Novel QoS Algorithm for Health Care Applications of Body Area Sensor Networks.","volume":"4","author":"A.Salam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-24","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union. (2008) S.G. 12 ITU-T, Definitions of terms related to quality of service."},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-25","year":"2013","journal-title":"12 ITU-T, Network performance objectives for IP-based services"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijmhci.2014100104"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-27","unstructured":"Speedtest. (n.d.). Retrieved Oct. 2015 from http:\/\/www.speedtest.net\/"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.53829\/ntr200809gls","article-title":"Recent activities of QoS\/QoE standardization in ITU-T SG12","volume":"6","author":"A.Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"NTT Technical Review"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, M., Fiedler, M., & Wac, K. (2012) On the ambiguity of Quality of Service and Quality of Experience requirements for eHealth services. In Proceedings of the 2012 6th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMICT.2012.6203030"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varela, M., M\u00e4ki, T., Merilahti, J., Rodr\u00edguez, E. R., & Runge, A. (2014). QuoTe an extensible platform for QoE monitoring and benchmarking of telemedicine applications. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) (pp. 61-65).","DOI":"10.1109\/HealthCom.2014.7001814"},{"key":"IJEHMC.2018070104-31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1998). A Health Telematics Policy in Support of WHO\u2019S Health-For-All Strategy for Global Development: Report of the WHO Group Consultation on Health Telematics 11-16 December, Geneva, 1997."}],"container-title":["International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=204543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T14:03:28Z","timestamp":1751551408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJEHMC.2018070104"}},"subtitle":["The Case of Mali and Senegal"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijehmc.2018070104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-315X","1947-3168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-315X","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-3168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}