{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:30:32Z","timestamp":1758893432847},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing economies need to invest in energy projects. Because the gestation period of the electric projects is high, it is of paramount importance to accurately forecast the energy requirements. In the present paper, the future energy demand of the state of Tamil Nadu in India, is forecasted using an artificial neural network (ANN) optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and by General Algorithm (GA). Hybrid ANN Models have the potential to provide forecasts that perform well compared to the more traditional modelling approaches. The forecasted results obtained using the hybrid ANN-PSO models are compared with those of the ARIMA, hybrid ANN-GA, ANN-BP and linear models. Both PSO and GA have been developed in linear and quadratic forms and the hybrid ANN models have been applied to five-time series. Amongst all the hybrid ANN models, ANN-PSO models are the best fit models in all the time series based on RMSE and MAPE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijeoe.2017100105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T14:00:06Z","timestamp":1500904806000},"page":"66-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Forecasting of Electricity Demand by Hybrid ANN-PSO Models"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Atul","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anna University, Chennai, India"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Suganthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anna University, Chennai, India"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJEOE.2017100105-0","unstructured":"Yu, S. W., & Zhu, K. J. (2011). A hybrid procedure for energy demand forecasting in China. Elsevier."},{"key":"IJEOE.2017100105-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adhikari, R., Agrawal, R.K., & Laxmi, K. (2013). 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Integrated Energy Policy \u2013 Report of the Expert Committee, Planning Commission. Retrieved from http:\/\/planningcommission.nic.in\/reports\/genrep\/rep_intengy.pdf"},{"key":"IJEOE.2017100105-10","first-page":"2834","article-title":"Modelling Nonlinear Econ-Grover, R.B. and S. Chandra, 2006, Scenario for growth of electricity in India","volume":"34","author":"C. W. J.Granger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"IJEOE.2017100105-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0297.00152"},{"key":"IJEOE.2017100105-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-9883(02)00072-5"},{"key":"IJEOE.2017100105-13","unstructured":"Central Electricity Authority India. (2010). 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