{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:24:07Z","timestamp":1781105047905,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Thanks to the rapid advancement of human-computer interaction technologies it is becoming easier for the elderly and\/or people with disabilities to operate various electrical systems. Operation of home appliances by using a set of predefined hand gestures is an example. However, hand gesture recognition may fail when the predefined command gestures are similar to some ordinary but meaningless behaviors of the user. This paper uses a gesture spotting method to recognize a designated gesture from other similar gestures. A fuzzy garbage model is proposed to provide a variable reference value to determine whether the user\u2019s gesture is the command gesture or not. Further, the authors propose two-stage user adaptation to enhance recognition performance: that is, off-line (batch) adaptation for inter-person variation and on-line (incremental) adaptation for intra-person variation. For implementation of the two-stage adaptation method, a genetic algorithm (GA) and the steepest descent method are adopted for each stage. Experimental results were obtained for 5 different users with left and up command gestures.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijfsa.2011070104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T12:21:32Z","timestamp":1319026892000},"page":"47-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gesture Spotting Using Fuzzy Garbage Model and User Adaptation"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Seung-Eun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwangwoon University, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeungnam","family":"Bien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/82.624992"},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-1","author":"R. S.Burns","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advanced control engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"ijfsa.2011070104-2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Soft remote control system using hand pointing gesture.","volume":"3","author":"J.-H.Do","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-friendly Welfare Robotic Systems"},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-3","unstructured":"Do, J.-H., Kim, J.-B., Park, K.-H., Bang, W.-C., & Bien, Z. Z. (2005). Soft remote control system in the intelligent sweet home. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Edmonton, AB, Canada (pp. 3984-3989)."},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.883451"},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-5","unstructured":"Habbi, A., & Zelmat, M. (2003). An improved self-tuning mechanism of fuzzy control by gradient descent method. In Proceedings of the 17th European Simulation Multiconference, Nottingham, UK."},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-6","unstructured":"Han, J.-S. (2006). New feature subset selection method and its application for EMG recognition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea."},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-7","unstructured":"Jeon, M.-J. (2008). Hand gesture recognition using multivariate fuzzy decision tree and user adaptation. Unpublished master\u2019s thesis, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea."},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-8","unstructured":"Kim, B. S. (2003). Rehabilitation and assistive devices. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, Daejeon, Korea."},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-9","unstructured":"Marks, R. J., II, Oh, S., Arabshahi, P., Caudell, T. P., Choi, J. J., & Song, B. G. (1992). Steepest descent adaptation of min-max fuzzy if-then rules. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/INNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Beijing, China."},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nomura, H., Hayashi, I., & Wakami, N. (1992). A learning method of fuzzy inference rules by descent method. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, San Diego, CA (pp. 203-210).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-2014-2_43"},{"key":"ijfsa.2011070104-11","author":"K. 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