{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:48:28Z","timestamp":1781106508186,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study explored the relationships between the tone in news presentations and the third-person effect. It investigated whether news stories about violent video games changed viewers perspectives based on the positively or negatively portrayed messages presented by the media. Overall, this study examined how news stories encouraged or discouraged viewers from supporting government regulations of violent video game content. An online survey of 388 American adults served as the main source of data collection. The study found that presumed media effects decreased on both others and self when viewers were exposed to positively presented news coverage. Subsequently, their support for regulating violent video games was reduced. However, no changes were found in third-person perception. In addition, those who were exposed to negative news coverage showed no significant changes in their perceived media effects on self, others, and support regulations on video game contents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijgcms.2019010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T13:55:25Z","timestamp":1556546125000},"page":"18-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["News Presentation and the Third-Person Effect of Violent Video Games"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Seong Choul","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyonggi University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195309836.001.0001"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018251"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-3","author":"J. L.Andsager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Self versus Others: Media, Messages, and The Third-Person Effect"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909407100202"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327825MCS0402_01"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.95.3.410"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764208321349"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-8","unstructured":"Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association, 564 US 786 (2011)."},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X93121003"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637758809376158"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00316.x"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008338323953"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-13","first-page":"165","article-title":"The First Amendment and the third person: Perceptual biases of media harms & cries for government censorship.","volume":"6","author":"C.Calvert","year":"1998","journal-title":"CommLaw Conspectus"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-14","unstructured":"ComScore. (2014). ComScore reports January 2014 U.S. smartphone subscriber market share. ComScore, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.comscore.com\/Insights\/Press_Releases\/2014\/3\/comScore_Reports_January_2014_US_Smartphone_Subscriber_Market_Share"},{"issue":"2","key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-15","first-page":"3","article-title":"Understanding the third-person effect.","volume":"24","author":"J. L.Conners","year":"2005","journal-title":"Communication Research Trends"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15551390902803812"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268763"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vaan, M., Boschma, R., & Frenken, K. (2012). Clustering and firm performance in project-based industries: the case of the global video game industry, 1972\u20132007. Journal of Economic Geography, 13(6), 965-991. Retrieved from http:\/\/joeg.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2012\/11\/22\/jeg.lbs038.full.pdf","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbs038"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/10.1.51"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1703_2"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-21","unstructured":"Ewald, K. (2010). Germany reforms online youth protection requirements. Osborne Clarke.Retrieved from http:\/\/www.osborneclarke.com\/media\/filer_public\/a8\/42\/a8423701-baaf-4b69-9aad-684e8b099047\/germany-reforms-online-youth-protection-requirements.pdf"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9986-5"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-23","author":"M.Fishbein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195372076.001.0001"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(97)00055-4"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909307000107"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2010.490894"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-28","first-page":"313","article-title":"Framing of the television violence issue in newspaper coverage","author":"C.Hoffner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Television Violence and Public Policy"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420180507"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08934210902798536"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-31","author":"S.Iyengar","year":"1987","journal-title":"News That Matters: Television and American Opinion"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205430802375303"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nor-2017-0248"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-9221.2003.00356.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-35","first-page":"785","article-title":"Thinking of the children: The failure of violent video game laws. Fordham Intellectual Property","volume":"18","author":"G.Kenyota","year":"2008","journal-title":"Media and Entertainment Law Journal"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900708400207"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10496491.2013.872216"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482790601005009"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-39","author":"M.McCombs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Setting the Agenda"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412013493133"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-41","first-page":"571","article-title":"Blood code: The history and future of video game censorship.","volume":"8","author":"J.O\u2019Holleran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal on Telecommunications & High Technology Law"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327825MCS0301_04"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00909889209365334"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10398560701463343"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-45","unstructured":"Robertson, K. (2008). An analysis of the video game regulation harmonization effort in the European Union and its Trans-Atlantic chilling effect on constitutionally protected expression. Boston College Intellectual Property & Technology Forum."},{"issue":"2","key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-46","first-page":"455","article-title":"A comparative look at children and free expression.","volume":"22","author":"K. W.Saunders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327825mcs0903_1"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2011.01541.x"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909206900404"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12061"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-9916.2007.00327x"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-52","unstructured":"Sun, Y. (2008). Promoting the Engagement in Public Health: An Inquiry into the Roles of Message Framing and Third-Person Effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI."},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2008.00385.x"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650210362684"},{"key":"IJGCMS.2019010102-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2008.12.005"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=228147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T08:08:21Z","timestamp":1651824501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJGCMS.2019010102"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijgcms.2019010102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-3888","1942-3896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-3888","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-3896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}