{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1781103775646,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"IGI Global Scientific Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<p>Living labs, defined as a collection of people, equipment, services, and technology to provide a test platform for research and experiments, offer much promise in engaging with users to create new products and services. However, they are not widely understood outside some of the academic departments in which the concepts underlying them have been developed. The purpose of this study was to provide information about the phenomenon of living labs by asking the labs themselves to provide fundamental information of this position, outlook, and relationships with users and related stakeholders in triple-helix partnerships comprising academia, public sector, and private business. The approach of the study was to design and conduct a survey using an electronic Internet-based survey tool. The survey was designed to provide quantitative information about number of users involved in each living lab, for example. However, the survey also probed the labs to provide more detailed response to questions exploring qualitative aspects. The survey request was sent to all extant living labs that provided some form of email address as a form of contact. Fifty-six living labs responded, comprising a response rate of 29%. This study is believed to be the first major survey undertaken of living labs since the European Network of Living Labs was established in Espoo, Finland in 2006. A key value of the study is that it provides a baseline against which future studies can compare results. It also provides very interesting findings about the diversity of living labs, how they engage with users, and how strong the relationships are between living labs.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijide.2014070105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T07:43:44Z","timestamp":1413445424000},"page":"51-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Triple Helix Engagement with Users"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Maurice","family":"Mulvenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster, Derry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster, Derry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"ijide.2014070105-0","article-title":"Open innovation platforms for broadband services: benchmarking european practices","author":"P.Ballon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th European Regional Conference by the International Telecommunications Society (ITS)"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-1","unstructured":"Bergvall-K\u00e5reborn, B., Ihlstr\u00f6m Eriksson, C., St\u00e5hlbr\u00f6st, A., & Svensson, J. (2009). A milieu for innovation-defining living lab. Academic Press."},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-2","unstructured":"European Commission. (2008). Green paper on territorial cohesion, turning territorial diversity into strength (SEC 2550). Author."},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-3","unstructured":"European Commission. (2010a). Living labs for user-driven open innovation. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu\/information_society\/activities\/livinglabs\/index_en.htm"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-4","unstructured":"European Commission. (2010b). Competitiveness and innovation programme. Retrieved from http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/cip\/"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-5","unstructured":"Faludi, A. (2009). Territorial cohesion under the looking glass. Retrieved from http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/consultation\/terco\/index_en.htm"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-6","unstructured":"FarNorth. (2010). FarNorth living lab. Retrieved from http:\/\/farnorthlivinglab.no\/"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-7","unstructured":"Feuerstein, K., Hesmer, A., Hribernik, K. A., Thoben, K.-D., & Schumacher, J. (2008). Living labs: A new development opportunity. In European living labs-A new approach for human centric regional innovation. Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-8","unstructured":"F\u00f8lstad, A. (2008). Living labs for innovation and development of information and communication technology: A literature review. Electronic Journal for Virtual Organizations and Networks, 10."},{"issue":"6","key":"ijide.2014070105-9","first-page":"121","article-title":"The innovation value chain","volume":"85","author":"M.T.Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-10","unstructured":"Kallai, T., & Bilicki, V. (2008). Innovation commercialization in a rural region: A case study. In European living labs: A new approach for human centric regional innovation. Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-11","unstructured":"Marsh, J. (2008). Living labs and territorial innovation. In Expanding the knowledge economy: Issues, applications, case studies. Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-12","author":"W. J.Mitchell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Me++: the cyborg self and the networked city"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-13","unstructured":"Molinari, F. (2008). Services for living labs. In European living labs: A new approach for human centric regional innovation. Amsterdam: IOS Press."},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-14","author":"M. D.Mulvenna","year":"2011","journal-title":"TRAIL living labs survey 2011: A survey of the ENOLL living labs"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-15","unstructured":"Pallot, M. (2009). Engaging users into research and innovation: The living lab approach as a user centred open innovation ecosystem. Webergence Blog. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cwe-projects.eu\/pub\/bscw.cgi\/715404?id=715404_1760838"},{"key":"ijide.2014070105-16","first-page":"97","article-title":"Die gestaltung des produktinnovationsprozesses","author":"S.Reichart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prozessmanagement mit system"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=116881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T19:09:35Z","timestamp":1654110575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/ijide.2014070105"}},"subtitle":["Findings from a Survey of the European Network of Living Labs"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijide.2014070105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-8305","1947-8313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-8305","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-8313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]}}}